Felix Laufer
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
H-index: 7
Europe-Germany
About Felix Laufer
Felix Laufer, With an exceptional h-index of 7 and a recent h-index of 7 (since 2020), a distinguished researcher at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,
His recent articles reflect a diverse array of research interests and contributions to the field:
Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 24.4%
Modeling and Fundamental Dynamics of Vacuum, Gas, and Antisolvent Quenching for Scalable Perovskite Processes
Discovering Process Dynamics for Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Evaporated Self‐Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers: Lossless Interfaces in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Intensity Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging for In‐Line Quality Control of Perovskite Thin Film Processing
Understanding Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Slot-Die Coating: In Situ Tracking of the Drying and Crystallization Front During Gas Quenching
Process Insights into Perovskite Thin‐Film Photovoltaics from Machine Learning with In Situ Luminescence Data
Felix Laufer Information
University | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie |
---|---|
Position | Researcher at (KIT) |
Citations(all) | 215 |
Citations(since 2020) | 214 |
Cited By | 3 |
hIndex(all) | 7 |
hIndex(since 2020) | 7 |
i10Index(all) | 6 |
i10Index(since 2020) | 6 |
University Profile Page | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie |
Top articles of Felix Laufer
Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 24.4%
Authors
Hang Hu,Sophie X An,Yang Li,Seyedamir Orooji,Roja Singh,Fabian Schackmar,Felix Laufer,Qihao Jin,Thomas Feeney,Alexander Diercks,Fabrizio Gota,Somayeh Moghadamzadeh,Ting Pan,Michael Rienäcker,Robby Peibst,Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Energy & Environmental Science
Published Date
2024
The recent tremendous progress in monolithic perovskite-based double-junction solar cells is just the start of a new era of ultra-high-efficiency multi-junction photovoltaics. We report on triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with a record power conversion efficiency of 24.4%. Optimizing the light management of each perovskite sub-cell (∼1.84 and ∼1.52 eV for top and middle cells, respectively), we maximize the current generation up to 11.6 mA cm−2. Key to this achievement was our development of a high-performance middle perovskite sub-cell, employing a stable pure-α-phase high-quality formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin film (free of wrinkles, cracks, and pinholes). This enables a high open-circuit voltage of 2.84 V in a triple junction. Non-encapsulated triple-junction devices retain up to 96.6% of their initial efficiency if stored in the dark at 85 °C for 1081 h.
Modeling and Fundamental Dynamics of Vacuum, Gas, and Antisolvent Quenching for Scalable Perovskite Processes
Authors
Simon Ternes,Felix Laufer,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Advanced Science
Published Date
2024/2/2
Hybrid perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) promise cost‐effective fabrication with large‐scale solution‐based manufacturing processes as well as high power conversion efficiencies. Almost all of today's high‐performance solution‐processed perovskite absorber films rely on so‐called quenching techniques that rapidly increase supersaturation to induce a prompt crystallization. However, to date, there are no metrics for comparing results obtained with different quenching methods. In response, the first quantitative modeling framework for gas quenching, anti‐solvent quenching, and vacuum quenching is developed herein. Based on dynamic thickness measurements in a vacuum chamber, previous works on drying dynamics, and commonly known material properties, a detailed analysis of mass transfer dynamics is performed for each quenching technique. The derived models are delivered along with an open‐source …
Discovering Process Dynamics for Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Authors
Lukas Klein,Sebastian Ziegler,Felix Laufer,Charlotte Debus,Markus Götz,Klaus Maier‐Hein,Ulrich W Paetzold,Fabian Isensee,Paul F Jäger
Journal
Advanced Materials
Published Date
2024/2
Large‐area processing of perovskite semiconductor thin‐films is complex and evokes unexplained variance in quality, posing a major hurdle for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Advances in scalable fabrication processes are currently limited to gradual and arbitrary trial‐and‐error procedures. While the in situ acquisition of photoluminescence (PL) videos has the potential to reveal important variations in the thin‐film formation process, the high dimensionality of the data quickly surpasses the limits of human analysis. In response, this study leverages deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to discover relationships between sensor information acquired during the perovskite thin‐film formation process and the resulting solar cell performance indicators, while rendering these relationships humanly understandable. The study further shows how gained insights can be distilled …
Evaporated Self‐Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers: Lossless Interfaces in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors
Ahmed Farag,Thomas Feeney,Ihteaz M Hossain,Fabian Schackmar,Paul Fassl,Kathrin Küster,Rainer Bäuerle,Marco A Ruiz‐Preciado,Mario Hentschel,David B Ritzer,Alexander Diercks,Yang Li,Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,Felix Laufer,Roja Singh,Ulrich Starke,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Advanced Energy Materials
Published Date
2023/2
Engineering of the interface between perovskite absorber thin films and charge transport layers has fueled the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past decade. For p‐i‐n PSCs, the development and adoption of hole transport layers utilizing self‐assembled monolayers (SAM‐HTLs) based on carbazole functional groups with phosphonic acid anchoring groups has enabled almost lossless contacts, minimizing interfacial recombination to advance power conversion efficiency in single‐junction and tandem solar cells. However, so far these materials have been deposited exclusively via solution‐based methods. Here, for the first time, vacuum‐based evaporation of the most common carbazole‐based SAM‐HTLs (2PACz, MeO‐2PACz, and Me‐4PACz) is reported. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy demonstrate no observable chemical differences in the evaporated SAMs …
Intensity Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging for In‐Line Quality Control of Perovskite Thin Film Processing
Authors
Benjamin Hacene,Felix Laufer,Simon Ternes,Ahmed Farag,Ronja Pappenberger,Paul Fassl,Somayeh Moghadamzadeh,Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,Thomas Feeney,Ian Howard,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Advanced Materials Technologies
Published Date
2023
Large area fabrication of high‐quality polycrystalline perovskite thin films remains one of the key challenges for the commercial readiness of perovskite photovoltaic (PV). To enable high‐throughput and high‐yield processing, reliable and fast in‐line characterization methods are required. The present work reports on a non‐invasive characterization technique based on intensity‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) imaging. The change in PL intensity as a function of excitation power density can be approximated by a power‐law with exponent k, which is a useful quality indicator for the perovskite layer, providing information about the relative magnitudes of radiative and non‐radiative recombination. By evaluating k‐parameter maps instead of more established PL intensity images, 2D information is obtained that is robust to optically induced artifacts such as intensity variations in excitation and reflection. Application …
Understanding Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Authors
Lukas Klein,Sebastian Ziegler,Felix Laufer,Charlotte Debus,Markus Götz,Klaus Maier-Hein,Ulrich Paetzold,Fabian Isensee,Paul Jaeger
Published Date
2023/10/27
Large-area processing of perovskite semiconductor thin-films is complex and evokes unexplained variance in quality, posing a major hurdle for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Advances in scalable fabrication processes are currently limited to gradual and arbitrary trial-and-error procedures. While the in-situ acquisition of photoluminescence videos has the potential to reveal important variations in the thin-film formation process, the high dimensionality of the data quickly surpasses the limits of human analysis. In response, this study leverages deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to discover relationships between sensor information acquired during the perovskite thin-film formation process and the resulting solar cell performance indicators, while rendering these relationships humanly understandable. Through a diverse set of XAI methods, we explain not only *what* characteristics are important but also *why*, allowing material scientists to translate findings into actionable conclusions. Our study demonstrates that XAI methods will play a critical role in accelerating energy materials science.
Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Slot-Die Coating: In Situ Tracking of the Drying and Crystallization Front During Gas Quenching
Authors
Kristina Geistert,Simon Ternes,David Benedikt Ritzer,Benjamin Hacene,Felix Laufer,Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold
Published Date
2023/6/11
Remarkable progress in efficiency and stability has been demonstrated for the next generation photovoltaic (PV) technology of thin-film perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on the laboratory scale. Small-area PSCs already exceed 25 % of power conversion efficiency (PCE) since they were first investigated about one decade ago [1, 2]. However, besides the unquestionable potential of perovskite-absorber films for efficient thin-film PV, there are significant challenges when scaling the technology. The reason is that established, industrial deposition techniques such as slot-die coating are difficult to control during the entirety of the complex perovskite film formation - causing low operational stability when fabricating larger areas [3]. In response, this work leverages prior studies of our group on a quantitative model of the drying dynamics based on local heat transfer measurements [9], for controlling the crystallization of slot-die …
Process Insights into Perovskite Thin‐Film Photovoltaics from Machine Learning with In Situ Luminescence Data
Authors
Felix Laufer,Sebastian Ziegler,Fabian Schackmar,Edwin A Moreno Viteri,Markus Götz,Charlotte Debus,Fabian Isensee,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Solar RRL
Published Date
2023/4
Large‐area processing remains a key challenge for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Advanced understanding and improved reproducibility of scalable fabrication processes are required to unlock the technology's economic potential. In this regard, machine learning (ML) methods have emerged as a promising tool to accelerate research and unlock the control needed to produce large‐area solution‐processed perovskite thin films. However, a suitable dataset allowing the analysis of a scalable fabrication process is currently missing. Herein, a unique labeled in situ photoluminescence (PL) dataset for blade‐coated PSCs is introduced and explored with unsupervised k‐means clustering, demonstrating the feasibility to derive meaningful insights from such data. Correlations between the obtained clusters and the measured performance of PSC reveal that the in situ PL signal encodes information about the perovskite …
In Situ Process Monitoring and Multichannel Imaging for Vacuum‐Assisted Growth Control of Inkjet‐Printed and Blade‐Coated Perovskite Thin‐Films
Authors
Fabian Schackmar,Felix Laufer,Roja Singh,Ahmed Farag,Helge Eggers,Saba Gharibzadeh,Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,Uli Lemmer,Gerardo Hernandez‐Sosa,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Advanced Materials Technologies
Published Date
2023/3
Vacuum‐assisted growth (VAG) control is one of the most promising methods for controlling nucleation and crystallization of printed and coated large area lead halide perovskite‐based layers for optoelectronics. To coat or print homogeneous high‐quality perovskite thin‐films at high fabrication yield, real‐time process monitoring of the VAG is pivotal. In response, a 2.1‐megapixel multichannel photoluminescence (PL) and reflection imaging system is developed and employed for the simultaneous spatial in situ analysis of drying, nucleation, and crystal growth during VAG and subsequent thermal annealing of inkjet‐printed and blade‐coated perovskite thin‐films. It is shown that the VAG process, for example, evacuation rate and time, affects the film formation and provide detailed insight into traced PL and reflection transients extracted from sub‐second videos of each channel. Based on correlative analysis …
Correlative In Situ Multichannel Imaging for Large‐Area Monitoring of Morphology Formation in Solution‐Processed Perovskite Layers
Authors
Simon Ternes,Felix Laufer,Philip Scharfer,Wilhelm Schabel,Bryce S Richards,Ian A Howard,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Solar RRL
Published Date
2022/3
To scale up production of perovskite photovoltaics, state‐of‐the‐art laboratory recipes and processes must be transferred to large‐area coating and drying systems. The development of in situ monitoring methods that provide real‐time feedback for process control is pivotal to overcome this challenge. Herein, correlative in situ multichannel imaging (IMI) obtaining reflectance, photoluminescence intensity, and central photoluminescence emission wavelength images on areas larger than 100 with subsecond temporal resolution using a simple, cost‐effective setup is demonstrated. Installed on top of a drying channel with controllable laminar air flow and substrate temperature, IMI is shown to consistently monitor solution film drying, perovskite nucleation, and perovskite crystallization. If the processing parameters differ, IMI reveals characteristic changes in large‐area perovskite formation dynamics already before …
Scalable two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar modules with a 19.1% efficiency
Authors
Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,David B Ritzer,Hang Hu,Fabian Schackmar,Somayeh Moghadamzadeh,Thomas Feeney,Roja Singh,Felix Laufer,Raphael Schmager,Raheleh Azmi,Milian Kaiser,Tobias Abzieher,Saba Gharibzadeh,Erik Ahlswede,Uli Lemmer,Bryce S Richards,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Nature Energy
Published Date
2022/7
Monolithic all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics promise to combine low-cost and high-efficiency solar energy harvesting with the advantages of all-thin-film technologies. To date, laboratory-scale all-perovskite tandem solar cells have only been fabricated using non-scalable fabrication techniques. In response, this work reports on laser-scribed all-perovskite tandem modules processed exclusively with scalable fabrication methods (blade coating and vacuum deposition), demonstrating power conversion efficiencies up to 19.1% (aperture area, 12.25 cm2; geometric fill factor, 94.7%) and stable power output. Compared to the performance of our spin-coated reference tandem solar cells (efficiency, 23.5%; area, 0.1 cm2), our prototypes demonstrate substantial advances in the technological readiness of all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics. By means of electroluminescence imaging and laser-beam-induced current …
Laminated monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics
Authors
Julie Roger,Luisa K Schorn,Minasadat Heydarian,Ahmed Farag,Thomas Feeney,Daniel Baumann,Hang Hu,Felix Laufer,Weiyuan Duan,Kaining Ding,Andreas Lambertz,Paul Fassl,Matthias Worgull,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Advanced energy materials
Published Date
2022/7
Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics have attracted enormous attention in science and technology over recent years. In order to improve the performance and stability of the technology, new materials and processes need to be investigated. However, the established sequential layer deposition methods severely limit the choice of materials and accessible device architectures. In response, a novel lamination process that increases the degree of freedom in processing the top perovskite solar cell (PSC) is proposed. The very first prototypes of laminated monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with stable power output efficiencies of up to 20.0% are presented. Moreover, laminated single‐junction PSCs are on par with standard sequential layer deposition processed devices in the same architecture. The numerous advantages of the lamination process are highlighted, in particular the opportunities to …
Monolithic two-terminal perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells with efficiency approaching 25%
Authors
Marco A Ruiz-Preciado,Fabrizio Gota,Paul Fassl,Ihteaz M Hossain,Roja Singh,Felix Laufer,Fabian Schackmar,Thomas Feeney,Ahmed Farag,Isabel Allegro,Hang Hu,Saba Gharibzadeh,Bahram Abdollahi Nejand,Veronique S Gevaerts,Marcel Simor,Pieter J Bolt,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
ACS Energy Letters
Published Date
2022/6/8
Monolithic two-terminal (2T) perovskite/CuInSe2 (CIS) tandem solar cells (TSCs) combine the promise of an efficient tandem photovoltaic (PV) technology with the simplicity of an all-thin-film device architecture that is compatible with flexible and lightweight PV. In this work, we present the first-ever 2T perovskite/CIS TSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 25% (23.5% certified, area 0.5 cm2). The relatively planar surface profile and narrow band gap (∼1.03 eV) of our CIS bottom cell allow us to exploit the optoelectronic properties and photostability of a low-Br-containing perovskite top cell as revealed by advanced characterization techniques. Current matching was attained by proper tuning of the thickness and bandgap of the perovskite, along with the optimization of an antireflective coating for improved light in-coupling. Our study sets the baseline for fabricating efficient perovskite/CIS TSCs …
Upscaling of perovskite solar modules: The synergy of fully evaporated layer fabrication and all‐laser‐scribed interconnections
Authors
David B Ritzer,Tobias Abzieher,Agit Basibüyük,Thomas Feeney,Felix Laufer,Simon Ternes,Bryce S Richards,Stefan Bergfeld,Ulrich W Paetzold
Journal
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
Published Date
2022/4
Given the outstanding progress in research over the past decade, perovskite photovoltaics (PV) is about to step up from laboratory prototypes to commercial products. For this to happen, realizing scalable processes to allow the technology to transition from solar cells to modules is pivotal. This work presents all‐evaporated perovskite PV modules with all thin films coated by established vacuum deposition processes. A common 532‐nm nanosecond laser source is employed to realize all three interconnection lines of the solar modules. The resulting module interconnections exhibit low series resistance and a small total lateral extension down to 160 μm. In comparison with interconnection fabrication approaches utilizing multiple scribing tools, the process complexity is reduced while the obtained geometrical fill factor of 96% is comparable with established inorganic thin‐film PV technologies. The all‐evaporated …
In situ reflectance-photoluminescence imaging on solution-processed perovskite thin-films
Authors
Simon Ternes,Felix Laufer,Philip Scharfer,Wilhelm Schabel,Bryce S Richards,Ian A Howard,Ulrich Paetzold
Published Date
2021/6/20
For the upscaling of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics, the understanding of the intermediate steps from solution to the polycrystalline film is pivotal. In situ characterization techniques can be a powerful tool to investigate the perovskite formation process and obtain direct feedback on its quality. Here, we propose in situ photoluminescence intensity, photoluminescence emission wavelength and reflectance imaging combined in one optical system with a high spatial and sub-second temporal resolution as an in situ real-time, monitoring technique. It is capable of surveilling the perovskite processing on areas larger 100 cm 2 and resolving even tiny differences in the processing parameters.
Smartphone‐Based Luminescent Thermometry via Temperature‐Sensitive Delayed Fluorescence from Gd2O2S:Eu3+
Authors
Ngei Katumo,Guojun Gao,Felix Laufer,Bryce S Richards,Ian A Howard
Journal
Advanced Optical Materials
Published Date
2020
Thermal images generated from infrared radiation are useful for monitoring many processes; however, infrared cameras are orders of magnitude more expensive than their visible counterparts. Methods that allow visible cameras to capture thermal images are therefore of interest. In this contribution, thermal images of a surface coated with an inexpensive inorganic micropowder phosphor are generated from the analysis of a video taken with a smartphone camera. The phosphor is designed to have a temperature‐dependent emission lifetime that is long enough to be determined from the analysis of a 30 frames‐per‐second video recording. This proof‐of‐principle work allows temperatures in the 270–320 K range to be accurately determined with a precision better than 2 K, even in the presence of bright background illuminance up to 1500 lm m−2. In the broader context, this inspires further development of …
Felix Laufer FAQs
What is Felix Laufer's h-index at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie?
The h-index of Felix Laufer has been 7 since 2020 and 7 in total.
What are Felix Laufer's top articles?
The articles with the titles of
Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 24.4%
Modeling and Fundamental Dynamics of Vacuum, Gas, and Antisolvent Quenching for Scalable Perovskite Processes
Discovering Process Dynamics for Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Evaporated Self‐Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers: Lossless Interfaces in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Intensity Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging for In‐Line Quality Control of Perovskite Thin Film Processing
Understanding Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Slot-Die Coating: In Situ Tracking of the Drying and Crystallization Front During Gas Quenching
Process Insights into Perovskite Thin‐Film Photovoltaics from Machine Learning with In Situ Luminescence Data
...
are the top articles of Felix Laufer at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie.
What is Felix Laufer's total number of citations?
Felix Laufer has 215 citations in total.