Kaixuan Ni

University of California, San Diego

H-index: 57

North America-United States

About Kaixuan Ni

Kaixuan Ni, With an exceptional h-index of 57 and a recent h-index of 39 (since 2020), a distinguished researcher at University of California, San Diego, specializes in the field of particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, dark matter and neutrino detection, noble liquid detectors.

His recent articles reflect a diverse array of research interests and contributions to the field:

Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites

An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Low energy electronic recoils and single electron detection with a liquid Xenon proportional scintillation counter

Searching for heavy dark matter near the Planck mass with XENON1T

Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

The triggerless data acquisition system of the XENONnT experiment

Kaixuan Ni Information

University	University of California, San Diego
Position	Department of Physics
Citations(all)	19858
Citations(since 2020)	9614
Cited By	14109
hIndex(all)	57
hIndex(since 2020)	39
i10Index(all)	93
i10Index(since 2020)	76
Email	Access Email
University Profile Page	University of California, San Diego

Kaixuan Ni Skills & Research Interests

particle physics

nuclear physics

astrophysics

dark matter and neutrino detection

noble liquid detectors

Top articles of Kaixuan Ni

Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Authors

E Aprile,J Aalbers,K Abe,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,M Bazyk,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,JMR Cardoso,AP Chavez,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,V D'Andrea,LC Garcia,MP Decowski,C Di Donato,P Di Gangi,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,T Flehmke,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,M Galloway,F Gao,S Ghosh,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,Y Kaminaga,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,YT Lin,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,T Luce,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,E Masson,S Mastroianni,A Melchiorre,M Messina,A Michael,K Miuchi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,Y Pan,Q Pellegrini,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,G Plante,TR Pollmann,L Principe,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,M Rajado,J Shi,R Singh,L Sanchez,JMF dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,S Vecchi,S Vetter

Journal

arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.14878

Published Date

2024/3/21

This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using and events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be cm/s. Given this velocity field, background events can be tagged when they are followed by and decays, or preceded by decays. This was achieved by propagating a point cloud as directed by the velocity field, and searching for and decays or decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a background reduction of with an exposure loss of . The tagging algorithm was also used to produce a population of tagged events with a large enhancement in the fraction. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.

Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Journal

The European Physical Journal C

Published Date

2024/2/8

The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric …

Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites

Authors

M Adrover,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,B Antunovic,E Aprile,M Babicz,D Bajpai,E Barberio,L Baudis,M Bazyk,N Bell,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,Y Biondi,A Bismark,C Boehm,A Breskin,EJ Brookes,A Brown,G Bruno,R Budnik,C Capelli,JMR Cardoso,A Chauvin,AP Cimental Chavez,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,A Deisting,P Di Gangi,S Diglio,M Doerenkamp,G Drexlin,K Eitel,A Elykov,R Engel,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,P Gaemers,R Gaior,M Galloway,N Garroum,S Ghosh,F Girard,R Glade-Beucke,F Glück,L Grandi,J Grigat,R Größle,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,V Hannen,S Hansmann-Menzemer,N Hargittai,T Hasegawa,C Hils,A Higuera,K Hiraoka,L Hoetzsch,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Jörg,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Keller,B Kilminster,M Kleifges,M Kobayashi,A Kopec,B von Krosigk,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,F Lombardi,J Loizeau,T Luce,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,T Marrodán Undagoitia,JAM Lopes,F Marignetti,K Martens,J Masbou,S Mastroianni,S Milutinovic,K Miuchi,R Miyata,A Molinario,CMB Monteiro,K Morå,E Morteau,Y Mosbacher,J Müller,M Murra,JL Newstead,K Ni,UG Oberlack,I Ostrovskiy,B Paetsch,M Pandurovic,Q Pellegrini,R Peres,J Pienaar,M Pierre,M Piotter,G Plante,TR Pollmann,L Principe,J Qi,J Qin,M Rajado Silva,D Ramírez García,A Razeto,S Sakamoto,L Sanchez,P Sanchez-Lucas,JMF Dos Santos,G Sartorelli,A Scaffidi,P Schulte,H-C Schultz-Coulon,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Sharma,W Shen,M Silva,H Simgen,R Singh

Journal

The European Physical Journal C

Published Date

2024/1

Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay (\(0\upnu\upbeta\upbeta\)), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We present here the results of simulations performed to …

An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Authors

RHM Tsang,A Piepke,S Al Kharusi,E Angelico,IJ Arnquist,A Atencio,I Badhrees,J Bane,V Belov,EP Bernard,A Bhat,T Bhatta,A Bolotnikov,PA Breur,JP Brodsky,E Brown,T Brunner,E Caden,GF Cao,LQ Cao,D Cesmecioglu,C Chambers,E Chambers,B Chana,SA Charlebois,D Chernyak,M Chiu,B Cleveland,JR Cohen,R Collister,M Cvitan,J Dalmasson,L Darroch,K Deslandes,R DeVoe,ML Di Vacri,YY Ding,MJ Dolinski,J Echevers,B Eckert,M Elbeltagi,R Elmansali,L Fabris,W Fairbank,J Farine,YS Fu,D Gallacher,G Gallina,P Gautam,G Giacomini,W Gillis,C Gingras,D Goeldi,R Gornea,G Gratta,YD Guan,CA Hardy,S Hedges,M Heffner,E Hein,J Holt,EW Hoppe,A House,W Hunt,A Iverson,A Jamil,XS Jiang,A Karelin,LJ Kaufman,I Kotov,R Krücken,A Kuchenkov,KS Kumar,A Larson,KG Leach,BG Lenardo,DS Leonard,G Li,S Li,Z Li,C Licciardi,R Lindsay,R MacLellan,M Mahtab,S Majidi,C Malbrunot,P Martel-Dion,J Masbou,N Massacret,K McMichael,B Mong,DC Moore,K Murray,J Nattress,CR Natzke,XE Ngwadla,K Ni,A Nolan,SC Nowicki,JC Nzobadila Ondze,JL Orrell,GS Ortega,CT Overman,H Peltz-Smalley,A Perna,T Pinto Franco,A Pocar,J-F Pratte,V Radeka,E Raguzin,H Rasiwala,D Ray,BM Rebeiro,S Rescia,F Retière,G Richardson,J Ringuette,V Riot,PC Rowson,N Roy,L Rudolph,R Saldanha,S Sangiorgio,S Schwartz,J Soderstrom,AK Soma,F Spadoni,V Stekhanov,XL Sun,E Teimoori Barakoohi,S Thibado,A Tidball,T Totev,S Triambak,T Tsang,OA Tyuka,R Underwood,E van Bruggen,V Veeraraghavan,M Vidal,S Viel,M Walent,K Wamba,QD Wang,W Wang,YG Wang,M Watts,W Wei,LJ Wen,U Wichoski

Journal

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Published Date

2023/10/1

Large-scale low-background detectors are increasingly used in rare-event searches as experimental collaborations push for enhanced sensitivity. However, building such detectors, in practice, creates an abundance of radioassay data especially during the conceptual phase of an experiment when hundreds of materials are screened for radiopurity. A tool is needed to manage and make use of the radioassay screening data to quantitatively assess detector design options. We have developed a Materials Database Application for the nEXO experiment to serve this purpose. This paper describes this database application, explains how it functions, and discusses how it streamlines the design of the experiment.

Low energy electronic recoils and single electron detection with a liquid Xenon proportional scintillation counter

Authors

Jianyang Qi,Noah Hood,Abigail Kopec,Yue Ma,Haiwen Xu,Min Zhong,Kaixuan Ni

Journal

Journal of Instrumentation

Published Date

2023/7/14

Liquid xenon (LXe) is a well-studied detector medium to search for rare events in dark matter and neutrino physics. Two-phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) can detect electronic and nuclear recoils with energy down to kilo-electron volts (keV). In this paper, we characterize the response of a single-phase liquid xenon proportional scintillation counter (LXePSC), which produces electroluminescence directly in the liquid, to detect electronic recoils at low energies. Our design uses a thin (10–25 μm diameter), central anode wire in a cylindrical LXe target where ionization electrons, created from radiation particles, drift radially towards the anode, and electroluminescence is produced. Both the primary scintillation (S1) and electroluminescence (S2) are detected by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) surrounding the LXe target. Up to 17 photons are produced per electron, obtained with a 10 μm diameter anode wire …

Searching for heavy dark matter near the Planck mass with XENON1T

Authors

E Aprile,K Abe,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,M Bazyk,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,AP Cimental Chavez,M Clark,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,Q Pellegrini,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,TR Pollmann,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,R Singh,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius

Journal

Physical review letters

Published Date

2023/6/30

Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from multiply interacting massive particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This Letter places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1× 10 12 and 2× 10 17 GeV/c 2. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale.

Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

Authors

A Breskin,R Budnik,N Hargittai,P Kavrigin,H Landsman,B Paetsch,M Weiss

Journal

arXiv. org

Published Date

2023/6/28

Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection.

The triggerless data acquisition system of the XENONnT experiment

Authors

E Aprile,J Aalbers,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,AP Cimental Chavez,D Coderre,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V d'Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,A Rocchetti,L Sanchez,P Sanchez-Lucas,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta

Journal

Journal of Instrumentation

Published Date

2023/7/31

The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at× 10 and× 0.5 gain. The DAQ for the …

Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal Ar source

Authors

E Aprile,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,M Alfonsi,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,C Capelli,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,W Fulgione,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,S Reichard,A Rocchetti,N Rupp,L Sanchez,P Sanchez-Lucas,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,C Weinheimer,M Weiss,D Wenz

Journal

The European Physical Journal C

Published Date

2023/6

A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be () photons/keV and () electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is () electrons/keV. The Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at () keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration …

First dark matter search with nuclear recoils from the XENONnT experiment

Authors

Eea Aprile,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,M Bazyk,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,AP Cimental Chavez,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,R Singh,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,C Weinheimer

Journal

Physical review letters

Published Date

2023/7/28

We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment, which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of 5.9 ton. During the (1.09±0.03) ton yr exposure used for this search, the intrinsic Kr 85 and Rn 222 concentrations in the liquid target are reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of (15.8±1.3) events/ton yr keV in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between 3.3 and 60.5 keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.58× 10 47 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of 28 GeV/c 2 at 90% confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses …

Search for events in XENON1T associated with gravitational waves

Authors

E Aprile,K Abe,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,M Bazyk,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,JMR Cardoso,AP Cimental Chavez,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,DG Layos Carlos,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,Q Pellegrini,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,G Plante,TR Pollmann,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,J Shi,R Singh,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,C Weinheimer,M Weiss,D Wenz,C Wittweg

Journal

Physical review D

Published Date

2023/10/27

We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational-wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil and electronic recoil channels within±500 seconds of observations of the gravitational-wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain monoenergetic neutrinos and axion-like particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at the 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of the coincident fluence and cross section of axion-like particles to be less than 10− 29 cm 2/cm 2 in the [5.5–210] keV energy range at the 90% confidence level.

Detector signal characterization with a Bayesian network in XENONnT

Authors

E Aprile,K Abe,S Ahmed Maouloud,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,M Bazyk,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,EJ Brookes,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,TK Bui,C Cai,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,AP Cimental Chavez,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,C Ferrari,H Fischer,M Flierman,W Fulgione,C Fuselli,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,H Guan,M Guida,R Hammann,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,NF Hood,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,F Kuger,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,Q Pellegrini,R Peres,C Peters,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,TR Pollmann,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,R Singh,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta

Journal

Physical review D

Published Date

2023/7/26

We developed a detector signal characterization model based on a Bayesian network trained on the waveform attributes generated by a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. By performing inference on the model, we produced a quantitative metric of signal characterization and demonstrate that this metric can be used to determine whether a detector signal is sourced from a scintillation or an ionization process. We describe the method and its performance on electronic-recoil (ER) data taken during the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. We demonstrate the first use of a Bayesian network in a waveform-based analysis of detector signals. This method resulted in a 3% increase in ER event-selection efficiency with a simultaneously effective rejection of events outside of the region of interest. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the previous analysis from XENONnT, namely a …

Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter

Authors

Elena Aprile,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,M Alfonsi,L Althueser,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,Vasile C Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,L Bellagamba,A Bernard,R Biondi,A Bismark,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,C Capelli,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,B Cimmino,M Clark,AP Colijn,Jan Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,A Di Giovanni,R Di Stefano,S Diglio,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,H Fischer,W Fulgione,P Gaemers,R Gaior,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,Ashley Joy,N Kato,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,Jörn Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,A Manfredini,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,S Reichard,A Rocchetti,N Rupp,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,Y Wei,C Weinheimer,M Weiss,D Wenz,C Wittweg,T Wolf,Z Xu,M Yamashita,L Yang,J Ye,L Yuan

Journal

Physical Review D

Published Date

2022/7/5

Delayed single-and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates< 30 events/(electron× kg× day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark …

Double-weak decays of and in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments

Authors

E Aprile,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,M Alfonsi,L Althueser,B Andrieu,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,L Bellagamba,R Biondi,A Bismark,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,C Cai,C Capelli,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,M Clark,AP Colijn,Jan Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V d'Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,A Di Giovanni,R Di Stefano,S Diglio,K Eitel,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,H Fischer,W Fulgione,P Gaemers,R Gaior,A Gallo Rosso,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,M Guida,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,J Howlett,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,M Kara,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,I Li,S Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,J Loizeau,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,A Manfredini,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,S Reichard,A Rocchetti,N Rupp,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,I Sarnoff,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,P Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,S Shi,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,P-L Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,Y Wei,C Weinheimer,M Weiss,D Wenz,C Wittweg

Journal

Physical Review C

Published Date

2022/8/26

We present results on the search for two-neutrino double-electron capture (2 ν ECEC) of Xe 124 and neutrinoless double-β decay (0 ν β β) of Xe 136 in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K shell up to the N shell in the 2 ν ECEC signal model and measure a total half-life of T 1/2 2 ν ECEC=(1.1±0. 2 stat±0. 1 sys)× 10 22 yr with a 0.87 kg yr isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is 7.0 σ. We use XENON1T data with 36.16 kg yr of Xe 136 exposure to search for 0 ν β β. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of T 1/2 0 ν β β> 1.2× 10 24 yr at 90% CL. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to 0 ν β β. Assuming a 275 kg yr Xe 136 exposure, the expected sensitivity is T 1/2 0 ν β β> 2.1× 10 25 yr at 90% CL, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of〈 m β β …

UA'(1): The search for low-mass dark matter in liquid xenon/Infrared Light for Liquid Xenon TPCs

Authors

Rafael Lang,Marivi Fernández-Serra,Rouven Essig,Kaixuan Ni

Published Date

2022/12/8

Liquid xenon-based time projection chambers are used in a variety of applications spanning from the search for dark matter or signals from coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, to detectors used in medicine and for nuclear non-proliferation. Extending the useful energy range of these detectors down to lower energies will prove extremely useful for such applications. However, various sources of single- and few-electron backgrounds limit the utility of experiments such as LZ and XENONnT to searches of lighter dark matter articles in the MeV mass range. These same backgrounds also limit their utility to measure signals from coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering of solar boron-8 neutrinos and Galactic supernovae. This research worked on multiple mitigation strategies to reduce these backgrounds, through improved xenon purity, infrared irradiation, and an improved theoretical understanding. Multiple dedicated liquid xenon setups were built to execute those tests, and data was successfully taken. Liquid xenon purity was shown to have an important impact, but infrared irradiation did not reduce these backgrounds.

Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T

Authors

Collaboration XENON,E Aprile,K Abe,F Agostini,S Ahmed Maouloud,M Alfonsi,L Althueser,E Angelino,JR Angevaare,VC Antochi,D Antón Martin,F Arneodo,L Baudis,AL Baxter,L Bellagamba,A Bernard,R Biondi,A Bismark,A Brown,S Bruenner,G Bruno,R Budnik,C Capelli,JMR Cardoso,D Cichon,B Cimmino,M Clark,AP Colijn,J Conrad,JJ Cuenca-García,JP Cussonneau,V D’Andrea,MP Decowski,P Di Gangi,S Di Pede,A Di Giovanni,R Di Stefano,S Diglio,A Elykov,S Farrell,AD Ferella,H Fischer,S Form,W Fulgione,P Gaemers,R Gaior,M Galloway,F Gao,R Glade-Beucke,L Grandi,J Grigat,A Higuera,C Hils,L Hoetzsch,J Howlett,C Huhmann,M Iacovacci,Y Itow,J Jakob,F Joerg,A Joy,N Kato,P Kavrigin,S Kazama,M Kobayashi,G Koltman,A Kopec,H Landsman,RF Lang,L Levinson,S Li,I Li,S Liang,S Lindemann,M Lindner,K Liu,F Lombardi,J Long,JAM Lopes,Y Ma,C Macolino,J Mahlstedt,A Mancuso,L Manenti,A Manfredini,F Marignetti,T Marrodán Undagoitia,K Martens,J Masbou,D Masson,E Masson,S Mastroianni,M Messina,K Miuchi,K Mizukoshi,A Molinario,S Moriyama,K Morå,Y Mosbacher,M Murra,J Müller,K Ni,U Oberlack,B Paetsch,J Palacio,R Peres,J Pienaar,M Pierre,V Pizzella,G Plante,J Qi,J Qin,D Ramírez García,S Reichard,A Rocchetti,N Rupp,L Sanchez,JMF Dos Santos,G Sartorelli,J Schreiner,D Schulte,H Schulze Eißing,M Schumann,L Scotto Lavina,M Selvi,F Semeria,P Shagin,E Shockley,M Silva,H Simgen,A Takeda,PL Tan,A Terliuk,D Thers,F Toschi,G Trinchero,C Tunnell,F Tönnies,K Valerius,G Volta,Y Wei,C Weinheimer,M Weiss,D Wenz,C Wittweg,T Wolf,Z Xu,M Yamashita,L Yang,J Ye

Journal

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Published Date

2022/5

A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360 ± 60) ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fitted to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove 37Ar after its injection for a low-energy calibration in …

Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier IF08 Topical Group Report: Noble Element Detectors

Authors

Carl Eric Dahl,Roxanne Guenette,Jennifer L Raaf,D Akerib,J Asaadi,D Caratelli,E Church,M Del Tutto,A Fava,R Gaitskell,GK Giovanetti,G Giroux,D Gonzalez Diaz,E Gramellini,S Haselschwardt,C Jackson,BJP Jones,A Kopec,S Kravitz,H Lippincott,J Liu,CJ Martoff,A Mastbaum,C Montanari,M Mooney,K Ni,L Pagani,O Palamara,L Pandola,R Patterson,S Pereverzev,X Qian,C Savarese,P Sorensen,C Stanford,A Szelc,M Szydagis,S Westerdale,J Xu,J Zennamo,J Zettlemoyer,C Zhang

Journal

arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.11017

Published Date

2022/8/23

Particle detectors making use of noble elements in gaseous, liquid, or solid phases are prevalent in neutrino and dark matter experiments and are also used to a lesser extent in collider-based particle physics experiments. These experiments take advantage of both the very large, ultra-pure target volumes achievable and the multiple observable signal pathways possible in noble-element based particle detectors. As these experiments seek to increase their sensitivity, novel and improved technologies will be needed to enhance the precision of their measurements and to broaden the reach of their physics programs. The areas of R&D in noble element instrumentation that have been identified by the HEP community in the Snowmass process are highlighted by five key messages: IF08-1) Enhance and combine existing modalities (scintillation and electron drift) to increase signal-to-noise and reconstruction fidelity; IF08-2) Develop new modalities for signal detection in noble elements, including methods based on ion drift, metastable fluids, solid-phase detectors and dissolved targets. Collaborative and blue-sky R&D should also be supported to enable advances in this area; IF08-3) Improve the understanding of detector microphysics and calibrate detector response in new signal regimes; IF08-4) Address challenges in scaling technologies, including material purification, background mitigation, large-area readout, and magnetization; and IF08-5) Train the next generation of researchers, using fast-turnaround instrumentation projects to provide the design-through-result training no longer possible in very-large-scale experiments. This topical group …

A review of NEST models, and their application to improvement of particle identification in liquid xenon experiments

Authors

M Szydagis,J Balajthy,GA Block,JP Brodsky,E Brown,JE Cutter,SJ Farrell,J Huang,ES Kozlova,CS Liebenthal,A Manalaysay,DN McKinsey,K McMichael,M Mooney,J Mueller,K Ni,GRC Rischbieter,M Tripathi,CD Tunnell,V Velan,MD Wyman,Z Zhao,M Zhong

Published Date

2022/11/19

This paper discusses microphysics simulation of interactions in liquid xenon, the medium in many leading rare-event physics searches, and describes experimental observables useful to understanding detector performance. Scintillation and ionization yield distributions for signal and background are presented using the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST), a toolkit based on experimental data and simple, empirical formulae. NEST models of light and charge production as a function of particle type, energy, and electric field are reviewed, as well as of energy resolution and final pulse areas. After vetting of NEST against raw data, with several specific examples pulled from XENON, ZEPLIN, LUX / LZ, and PandaX, we interpolate and extrapolate its models to draw new conclusions on the properties of future detectors (e.g., XLZD), in terms of the best possible discrimination of electron(ic) recoil backgrounds from a potential nuclear recoil signal, especially WIMP dark matter. We discover that the oft-quoted value of 99.5% discrimination is overly conservative. NEST shows that another order of magnitude improvement (99.95% discrimination) can be achieved with a high photon detection efficiency (g1 ~ 15-20%) at reasonably achievable drift fields of 200 to 350 V/cm.

arXiv: High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Authors

C Awe,XT Zhang,N Giudice,HK Xu,IS Yeo,ZP Zhang,N Kutovskiy,BZ Hu,V Vorobel,DC Jones,JX Ye,S Li,HH Jia,B Zhuang,S Fargher,Y Yang,W Huo,J Borg,JW Zhang,F Petrucci,E Doroshkevich,SY Kim,L Sabarots,CY Yu,J Yoo,N Zaitseva,K Walkup,P Harrington,C Lombardo,M Wright,SCF Wong,A Broniatowski,ZM Wang,I Lippi,YW Chen,J Zhao,E Paolini,J Zhou,J Tang,M Pitt,D Stefanik,C Mariani,L Dumoulin,A Lubashevskiy,N Guardone,MY Pac,J Johnston,M Andriamirado,A Bonhomme,YX Chen,X Wang,J He,BL Young,P Poussot,M Giammarchi,YD Kim,T Subedi,A Babic,DW Mayer,ZY You,L Kang,DA Dwyer,J Maalmi,Z Guo,J Li,M Grassi,F Muheim,R Kaiser,ZY Zhang,V Antonelli,O Sramek,L Guo,HB Liu,HR Pan,A Haghighat,T Adam,P Hellmuth,YK Cai,X Ji,FY Zhao,RX Liu,AM Meyer,C Giunti,K Ni,A Mitra,C Metelko,K Nishimura,HN Gan,M Robens,D Corti,HM Lee,JS Lu,N Zafar,MA Tyra,YG Xie,T Lin,D Jones,G Varner,J Park,S Ahmad,S Dazeley,B Asavapibhop,SY Liu,X Chen,H Steiner,I Mitchell,YF Wang,ZY Deng,T Classen,RT Lei,YD Zeng,N Rodphai,A Watcharangkool,C Wiebusch,M Wang,X Qian,A Stahl,Y Pei,OA Akindele,A Krasnoperov,M Karagounis,S Monteil,X Lu,J Gribble,C Wysotzki,W He,YJ Mao,AB Yang,YM Zhang,K Stankevich,DE Jaffe,XB Ma,HLH Wong,C Sirignano,T Soldner,A Triossi,S Heine,XL Sun,JH Choi,TJ Langford,F Sawy,R Rosero,T Li,P Saggese,M Bergevin,K Treskov,Y Gu,A Erickson,V Kudryavtsev,A Druetzler

Published Date

2022/3/14

Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modelling. The community’s aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities.This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade. As it is directed towards the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier, Sections 4 through 9 are organized around specific Topical Groups within that Frontier, with the relevant Topical Group specified in each Section’s title. Finally, to enable quick reference to the document’s main themes, two to four ‘Key Takeaways’ are provided at the beginning of each Section.

Development of a 127Xe calibration source for nEXO

Authors

Brian G Lenardo,CA Hardy,RHM Tsang,JC Nzobadila Ondze,A Piepke,S Triambak,A Jamil,G Adhikari,S Al Kharusi,E Angelico,IJ Arnquist,V Belov,EP Bernard,A Bhat,T Bhatta,A Bolotnikov,PA Breur,JP Brodsky,E Brown,T Brunner,E Caden,GF Cao,L Cao,B Chana,SA Charlebois,D Chernyak,M Chiu,JR Cohen,R Collister,J Dalmasson,T Daniels,L Darroch,R DeVoe,ML Di Vacri,YY Ding,MJ Dolinski,J Echevers,B Eckert,M Elbeltagi,L Fabris,D Fairbank,W Fairbank,J Farine,YS Fu,G Gallina,P Gautam,G Giacomini,W Gillis,C Gingras,R Gornea,G Gratta,K Harouaka,M Heffner,E Hein,J Hößl,A House,A Iverson,XS Jiang,A Karelin,LJ Kaufman,R Krücken,A Kuchenkov,KS Kumar,A Larson,KG Leach,DS Leonard,G Li,S Li,Z Li,C Licciardi,R Lindsay,R MacLellan,J Masbou,K McMichael,M Medina Peregrina,B Mong,DC Moore,K Murray,J Nattress,CR Natzke,XE Ngwadla,K Ni,Z Ning,JL Orrell,GS Ortega,I Ostrovskiy,CT Overman,A Perna,T Pinto Franco,A Pocar,JF Pratte,N Priel,E Raguzin,GJ Ramonnye,H Rasiwala,K Raymond,G Richardson,M Richman,J Ringuette,PC Rowson,R Saldanha,S Sangiorgio,X Shang,AK Soma,F Spadoni,V Stekhanov,XL Sun,S Thibado,A Tidball,J Todd,T Totev,OA Tyuka,F Vachon,V Veeraraghavan,S Viel,K Wamba,Y Wang,Q Wang,W Wei,LJ Wen,U Wichoski,S Wilde,WH Wu,W Yan,L Yang,O Zeldovich,J Zhao,T Ziegler,nEXO Collaboration

Journal

Journal of Instrumentation

Published Date

2022/7/20

We study a possible calibration technique for the nEXO experiment using a 127 Xe electron capture source. nEXO is a next-generation search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) that will use a 5-tonne, monolithic liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The xenon, used both as source and detection medium, will be enriched to 90% in 136 Xe. To optimize the event reconstruction and energy resolution, calibrations are needed to map the position-and time-dependent detector response. The 36.3 day half-life of 127 Xe and its small Q-value compared to that of 136 Xe 0νββ would allow a small activity to be maintained continuously in the detector during normal operations without introducing additional backgrounds, thereby enabling in-situ calibration and monitoring of the detector response. In this work we describe a process for producing the source and preliminary experimental tests. We then use …

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