Subhasish Basu Majumder

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) are widely used energy storage devices for powering portable electronics, electric transportation, and the grid. In this work, the co-precipitation method synthesizes nickel antimony oxide (NiSb2O6; NSO), a relatively new material for LIB anode. The structure of this material is a tri-rutile phase, wherein the lithium (Li) ions are stored via a conversion-type mechanism. The nickel antimony oxide-carbon black (NSO-CB) electrodes are fabricated using electrophoretic deposition. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the structural breakdown of NSO into nickel oxide (NiO) and antimony pentaoxide (Sb2O5) after the first discharge. In the voltage range 0.01–2.5V vs. Li+/Li, a stable reversible capacity of 574 mAhg−1 is obtained at a specific current of 0.5Ag-1 after 100 cycles. At a high specific current of 5Ag-1, these electrodes deliver a specific capacity of 370 mAhg−1, equivalent to graphite's …

Growth of exposed crystal facets has received considerable attention because of their coordinatively unsaturated surface atoms and defect-related surface reactivities. Herein, LiFeO2 truncated octahedra exposed with 6 {100} facets and 8 {111} facets were prepared through a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal method without using any additives, surfactants, and calcination processes. The detailed growth process revealed that the formation of LiFeO2 truncated octahedra occurred only at the optimized reaction temperature (180 °C), time (30 min), and reactant concentrations. The prepared LiFeO2 truncated octahedra showed excellent sensing responses toward aliphatic organic compounds compared to that against aromatic organic compounds and poor response to inorganic compounds. The response percentages of 150 ppm concentrations of acetone, ethanol, formaldehyde, and isopropyl alcohol are 81 …

Sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP), a sodium ion super ionic conductor (NASICON), is one of the most attractive cathode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is demonstrated to be an efficient synthesis tool to deposit strongly adhered and porous NVP carbonaceous material (viz. carbon nano tube (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) on aluminum current collector. EPD grown NVP delivers a stable reversible capacity ∼53.7 mAhg−1 at 0.1Ag−1 current density after 250 cycles. The introduction of CNT and rGO in the electrode significantly improves the electrochemical properties of NVP by providing better conduction pathways. Consequently, reversible capacities of 87 mAhg−1 and 70 mAhg−1 were obtained after 250 cycles at 0.1Ag−1 for NVP/RGO-CB and NVP/CNT-CB electrodes, respectively. These electrodes are able to deliver specific capacities of ∼70 mAhg−1 at …

Commercial lithium-ion batteries generate significant carbon footprint during the procurement of relatively scarce raw materials of Li, Co, Ni etc, manufacturing of cell, and their recycling. Lithium – sulphur battery is far more environmentally friendly as it uses only scarce lithium, has significantly higher specific energy density than Li ion cells, and easier to recycle. A facile one step scalable process has been developed to increase the loading and conductivity of sulphur; retard long chain polysulphides shuttling, tackle volumetric fluctuation of active particles and inhibit the lithium anode corrosion together with its dendritic growth during discharge – charge cycles. Electrode with EA-PAA binder delivers discharge capacity ∼836 mAh/g at 0.2C which is significantly larger than electrode made with PAA binder (∼745 mAh/g). At 1C rate electrode with EA-PAA binder delivers a discharge capacity ∼418 mAh/g which is …

This work presents the development of novel LiFe 5 O 8 micro-flowers through a single-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. LiFe 5 O 8 micro-flowers were used as a sensing element for the detection of highly cross-sensitive volatile organic compounds (VOC). Various characterization methods were also used to validate the material characteristics of the sensor. The measured response/recovery curve revealed that these unique micro flowers can detect even at 5 ppm concentrations of acetone, ethanol, and methanol with response values of 1.17, 1.37, and 1.23 at 100° C respectively. The sensor’s selectivity issue was addressed by employing simpler Machine Learning (ML) algorithms (decision tree, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine) using the measured response values ranging from 5 ppm to 200 ppm. Further, the classification of the mixture and pure gases was …

Zinc antimony oxide (ZnSb2O6), a relatively new anode having a tri-rutile type of structure, is synthesized by a solution-based synthesis route. Zinc antimony oxide–carbon black (ZSO-CB) electrodes are fabricated by electrophoretic deposition technique. Regarding, film quality and mass loading, a 3-minute deposition period at 100 V applied potential is shown to yield optimized performance. When used as an anode for lithium-ion battery (LIB), these electrodes show a steady capacity of 464 mAhg−1 at a specific current of 500 mAg−1 after 400 cycles. It exhibits an excellent rate capability of 370 mAhg−1 at 4000 mAg−1 specific current, which is comparable to that of the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite anode (372 mAhg−1). ZSO can therefore be a potential anode for LIBs.

In article number 2300509, Jyh-Ming Ting, Jeng-Kuei Chang, and co-workers prepare, a Co-free cubic high entropy spinel oxide and cubic+ tetragonal high entropy spinel oxide (HESO (C+ T)) using solvothermal and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The secondary tetragonal spinel phase in HESO (C+ T) introduces phase boundaries and extra defects/oxygen vacancies, enhancing the redox kinetics and electroactivity during lithiation/delithiation. HESO (C+ T)|| LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 cell shows an attractive gravimetric energy density of∼ 610 Wh kg− 1.

Currently, the main drivers for developing Li‐ion batteries for efficient energy applications include energy density, cost, calendar life, and safety. The high energy/capacity anodes and cathodes needed for these applications are hindered by challenges like: (1) aging and degradation; (2) improved safety; (3) material costs, and (4) recyclability. The present review begins by summarising the progress made from early Li‐metal anode‐based batteries to current commercial Li‐ion batteries. Then discusses the recent progress made in studying and developing various types of novel materials for both anode and cathode electrodes, as well the various types of electrolytes and separator materials developed specifically for Li‐ion battery operation. Battery management, handling, and safety are also discussed at length. Also, as a consequence of the exponential growth in the production of Li‐ion batteries over the last 10 …

The advent of various flexible electronic devices has necessitated the development of flexible electrochemical energy storage. The frontrunner among such energy storage devices is lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. In this chapter, we first describe the salient features of bendable and stretchable electrochemical energy storage devices. Second, we review the materials used in such flexible energy storage devices. Electrophoretic deposition and inkjet printing are proposed to be attractive fabrication tools to make flexible energy storage devices. The electrochemical performance of flexible graphite anodes, prepared by electrophoretic deposition on carbon cloth current collectors, is described. Finally, the electrochemical performance of inkjet-printed all-solid graphene supercapacitors is presented.

In this article, we investigate the electrochemical performance of the amorphous sodium iron carbonophosphate upon transitioning from organic electrolytes (lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) –ethylene carbonate (EC): diethyl carbonate (DEC) based) to ionic-liquid (N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; PMP-FSI) based electrolytes. The amorphous sodium iron carbonophosphate is synthesized using microwave-assisted hydrothermal process to obtain the desired phase and microstructure. The nanoparticle morphology, along with the amorphous structure, results in excellent electrochemical properties when tested as cathode for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries with organic and ionic-liquid based electrolytes. It is observed that the room-temperature and high-temperature (∼60 °C) cycling performance is superior when ionic-liquids are used instead of organic electrolytes, resulting in …

Simple, accurate, portable, and selective gas sensors with autonomous, remote, and real-time access have become a requisite in various fields of applications. In this article, we report the development of a stand-alone and selective gas sensor system incorporating a single resistive sensor with wireless monitoring and Internet connectivity. The sensor is fabricated in-house with platinum-decorated tin-oxide hollow spheres as the sensing material, which exhibits a prominent response toward the tested volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at different concentrations. The intelligence in terms of accurate identification of VOCs and their concentration is attained by employing a machine learning tool based on a deep neural network. The applied model displays an average accuracy of 96.43% with a fast prediction speed of , allowing a real-time recognition capability. The wireless connectivity is established utilizing …

NASICON-structured NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) anode consist of an open 3D framework is received as a zero-stress anode for Na-ion batteries. Herein, we have reported a novel NTP/GO/CNT nanocomposite anodes, in which NTP particles are engineered with reduce graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nano tube (CNT) and wrapped using a low-cost facile sol-gel method. NTP-rGO10-CNT10 has been chosen as the optimum electrode after studying the effects of rGO/CNT ratio on the electrochemical performance of NTP. The combine effect of structural integrity, high electronic conductivity and high ionic diffusivity in NTP-rGO10-CNT10 leads to excellent electrochemical performance with regards to specific capacity (124 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), remarkable high-rate cycleability (62.5% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 10 C), and excellent rate capability (87 mA h g−1 at 25C). Using cyclic voltammetry investigation …

Nitrogen incorporated carbon composite of Sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)3/NTP) can be deliberated as a proficient anode for sodium-ion battery application for its structural stability and good ionic mobility. Presence of nitrogen into the carbon moiety delaminate the problem of poor electronic conductivity and make it practically usable. The carbon composite properties play a crucial role on surface engineered active material, which control the electrochemical performance of an electrode. Here we have synthesized a N-doped carbon coated NTP composite using only ploy vinyl pyrrolidone as both nitrogen and carbon source by a simple sol-gel method. The as prepared NTP-N@C composite reveals excellent electrochemical properties including cycleability, rate performance and specific capacity. The hetero atom doping into carbon matrix enhances both the ionic and electronic conductivity. The structural …

A facile method for preparing hierarchical carbon composites that contain activated carbon (AC), carbon nanospheres (CNSs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for use as the electrode material in supercapacitors (SCs) was developed. The CNS/CNT network enabled the formation of three‐dimensional conducting pathways within the highly porous AC matrix, effectively reducing the internal resistance of an SC electrode. The specific capacitance, cyclability, voltage window, temperature profile during charging/discharging, leakage current, gas evolution, and self‐discharge of the fabricated SCs were systematically investigated and the optimal CNS/CNT ratio was determined. A 2.5 V floating aging test at 70 °C was performed on SCs made with various hierarchical carbon electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, postmortem electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray …

This paper attempts to understand ethanol and acetone sensing behavior of atmospheric plasma sprayed copper oxide coating. Gas responses toward 300 ppm ethanol (~844%) and 300 ppm acetone (~600%) were observed at 300 °C. Herein, response transients measured at different concentrations (300-25 ppm) were analyzed following Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Further, activation energy of adsorption was correlated with gas response (%) of ethanol and acetone vapors. Two different analytes, ethanol being an alcohol and acetone being a ketone form a distinct cluster in the principal component analysis. In a nut shell, gas sensing was found to be influenced by analyte properties (type, molecular weight, and kinetic diameter), nature of sensing surface, and reaction pathways during the gas-solid interaction.

A CuO/ZnO (C/Z) bilayer thin film was fabricated with a porous top CuO layer to facilitate a sensitive and selective response towards CO2 gas. Such a sensor architecture allowed optimum oxygen and CO2 gas adsorption in the interfacial region. The C/Z thin-film sensor exhibited a good response (47%) for 2500 ppm CO2 at 375 °C as opposed to CuO (15%) at 300 °C and ZnO (16%) at 350 °C. The sensor was selective to CO2 in respect of CO and CH4 gases at 375 °C with selectivity factor κCO2 ∼ 5 and ∼ 8 for CO and CH4 respectively. By analyzing the conductance-time transients for the gas, the adsorption behavior of CO2 on the heterogenous C/Z bilayer thin-film sensor was established. CO2 obeyed an extended Freundlich model of adsorption. Theoretical analysis of the said adsorption model was performed through which the activation energy (EA) and heat of adsorption (Q) of CO2 gas were estimated. A …

An economical and portable gas-sensing prototype was developed for CO2 gas monitoring of flue gas. The effectiveness of the prototype was demonstrated with a CuO metal oxide–semiconductor thin-film sensor prepared by a modified sol–gel process. Gas concentrations of 0.8–4% were generated by a chemical reaction to mimic the large concentrations of CO2 in flue gas from industrial power plants. The fabricated prototype showed high sensitivity to the tested gas and was operable within a varied temperature range of room temperature up to 350 °C. CuO thin film exhibited a good response (~ 20%) to 8354 ppm CO2 gas with a response time of ~ 5 s at 300 °C. The dominant gas-sensing mechanism was found to be the formation of carbonates on the CuO surface.

In this work, we have reported sol–gel synthesized in situ carbon-coated Na3V2O2(PO4)2F–Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVOPF–NVP@C) composites as excellent cathode materials for hybrid Li-ion batteries (HLIBs). The structure of as-synthesized material enhances the electrochemical performances by reducing the diffusion distance and improving the electrical conductivity and structural stability. In addition, to further improve the rate performance and cycleability, hybridization between NVOPF–NVP@C and supercapacitor-type activated carbon (AC) has been persuaded, and the concept of double hybridization has been introduced. Thus, NVOPF–NVP@C/AC bimaterials demonstrate excellent performances in hybrid battery–capacitor (bat–cap) devices. For example, NVOPF–NVP@C/AC50 can retain 75.2% of its initial capacity with ∼100% Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 1000 mA g–1 even after 2000 repeated …

As part of sustainable development goals seven and thirteen, electric vehicles (EV) are taking over internal combustion engine vehicles by using battery packs as their power source. One major concern for the EV sector is the charging time of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Advancing the battery pack industry and the EV sector will benefit economically and environmentally by creating pores on the graphene anode using the NaCl activation method, eventually leading to high performance and efficiency in Li-ion batteries. Accordingly, the present study focused on fabricating novel macroporous graphene (MPG) anodes for fast-charging Li-ion batteries. Macropores increase the anode surface area, thereby enhancing lithiation. The performance of the novel MPG anode is compared with that of the commercial mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode. As a result, the MPG anode exhibits a 15% faster charge than the …

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 (anatase)–TiO2 (rutile) (LTO-A-R@C) nanocomposites have been first reported as superior anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The structure of the as-synthesized material combines the advantages of nanosizing to reduce the diffusion distance, thin amorphous carbon coating to improve the electronic conductivity, plentiful grain boundaries to increase the structural stability, specific capacity, and reaction kinetics, and compositing between LTO and TiO2 (TO) to offer high structural stability and high specific capacity. Thus, LTO-A-R@C can achieve excellent capacity retention over extended cycling and exhibits impressive rate performance at higher current density. In addition, a hybrid Li-ion battery (HLIB) composed of a unique electrode combination (LTO-A-R@C anode and Na3V2O2(PO4)2F–Na3V2(PO4)3@C (NVOPF-NVP@C …