Application of lattice expansion effect in SrCoO3 based cathodes by Ba doping with elevated electrochemical performances for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Chemical Engineering Journal

Symmetrical solid oxide cells (SSOCs) integrate the capabilities of solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis cells within a symmetric device, which have the advantage of simple fabrication and lower cost compared to conventional devices. Herein, to develop more advanced electrode materials to meet the catalytic activity for different electrode reactions, this study explores Sc-doped Sr0.9Fe0.8Sc0.1Co0.1O3−δ (SFSC) as an SSOC electrode material. Experiments show that Sc doping enhances the crystal stability of Sr0.9Fe0.9Co0.1O3−δ (SFC) in H2 and provides more oxygen vacancies for CO2 adsorption. Electrochemical tests reveal that the SFSC-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (GDC) electrode offers high power output, high CO2 electrolysis rates, and stability. Specifically, when operated as a fuel cell, the thus fabricated SSOC exhibits a peak power density of 781 mW·cm−2 and a polarization resistance of 0.117 Ω …

Aquaculture International

There is a great demand for precision fish farming in aquaculture, and accurate fish counting is essential for precise control and monitoring of fish farming processes. Traditional fish counting is manual, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Image recognition is an effective method for automatic counting. However, the accuracy of automatic detection in real environments is limited by the different sizes, swimming styles of fish, and the potential for mutual occlusion between multiple moving objects. This study introduces a BoTS-YOLOv5s-seg model based on YOLOv5s to achieve accurate detection of fish edge by using the YOLOv5s instance segmentation model and improving the loss function to SIoU loss while improving non-maximum suppression to reduce missed detection of overlapping objects, and finally incorporating a bottleneck transformer to make the model more focused on valid image information and …

Journal of Power Sources

Solid oxide fuel cell system is widely acknowledged as the leading alternative energy generation system in the field. Due to their high efficiency, low emissions, low noise, and various other advantages, solid oxide fuel cell systems are being considered for use in automobiles as a replacement for traditional internal combustion engines. However, prolonged operation and abnormal shutdowns can lead to performance degradation, which affects the efficiency, stability, and lifespan of stack. In the context of prolonged operation, considering the fluctuations in stack performance parameters and balance of plant, several regression models based on voltage parameters are established to accurately predict changes in stack performance. The results reveal that the genetic algorithm optimized backpropagation neural network model is highly sensitive in predicting the system performance degradation. Further analysis …

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

The increasingly serious environmental problems caused by the excessive development of fossil fuels necessitate the promoting of novel and effective energy technologies. As an environmentally friendly and effective promising solution in terms of its low emission, and fuel adaptability, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system has attracted widespread attention. To better promote the progress of SOFC, the SOFC testing system (SOFC TS) is very important. In this paper, we have established a dual preheating SOFC TS configuration where the fuel is first preheated by exhaust gas, and then preheated by the electric heater to the setting temperature. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristic of this SOFC TS. Building upon this designed testing system, a multi-objective optimization approach is adopted to enhance the performance of the thermal management subsystem. The …

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

The increasing demand for green hydrogen and power production necessitates the development of novel and upgraded power generation technologies. The solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power (SOFC–CHP) system is a promising solution due to its high efficiency, clean operation, and fuel flexibility. In practical terms, SOFCs can operate using a variety of fuels such as alcoholic fuel, hydrogen, ammonia, etc. Recently, methanol and ammonia have become noteworthy alternative fuel options as it possesses advantages such as low transportation cost and high hydrogen storage capacity. In this paper, we have established two SOFC–CHP models fueled by methanol or ammonia integrated with the steam Rankine cycle. A comprehensive thermodynamic model is proposed for energy and exergy analyses. Sensitivity analysis is performed to study the system's characteristics. The results show that the SOFC …

This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.

In the development of new electrochemical concepts for the fabrication of high-energy-density batteries, fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) have emerged as one of the valid candidates for the next generation electrochemical energy storage technologies, showing the potential to match or even surpass the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of energy density, safety without dendritic grains, and elimination of dependence on scarce lithium and cobalt resources. However, the development of FIBs is still in its infancy and their performance is far from satisfactory, with issues such as the lower fluoride-ion conductivity of the electrolytes and the reversibility of the electrodes hindering their commercialization. Previous reviews have mainly focused on inorganic solid electrolytes with a brief emphasis on the development of various fluoride-ion conductors and their ion-conducting properties. Therefore, this review …

Ecological Informatics

Detecting the distribution and density of marine zoobenthos is crucial for monitoring healthy coastal ecosystems and for growth reference tracking in precision aquaculture. However, current detection algorithms for marine zoobenthos have high computational complexity and cannot guarantee a balance between accuracy and speed, limiting their deployment in fishery equipment. This study used a portion of the Augmented Underwater Detection Dataset, a large underwater biological dataset containing marine zoobenthos data. A marine zoobenthos recognition algorithm was proposed for sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and scallops based on an improved lightweight YOLOv5, which can recognize the three types of marine zoobenthos. In the image enhancement module, an underwater image enhancement algorithm based on color balance and multi-input fusion is used, which turns the blurred image into a natural …

Chemical Engineering Journal

In this study, we developed an innovative strategy to fabricate highly active cathode and anode materials by acid etching perovskite oxide (ABO3) powder. (CoxFe1-x)3O4 nanoparticles were exsoluted in situ on an etched Pr0.2Sr0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (P0.2SCF) catalyst to reconstruct heterojunctions in air. As a result, the exsolution of (CoxFe1-x)3O4 nanoparticles on the P0.2SCF surface led to the formation of perovskite-spinel interfaces in the cathode, and the generation of CoFe alloy and CoO nanoparticles embedded on the surface of the anode in 5 % H2. Two new composite catalysts modified with nanoparticles on the P0.2SCF skeleton were simultaneously prepared through the in situ exsolution of perovskite. At 850 °C, the polarization resistance values of the anode and cathode decreased by 37 % and 57 %, respectively. Furthermore, in a single cell with LSGM electrolyte and P0.2SCF-30-GDC symmetrical …

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

As a promising energy conversion device, solid oxide cell can realize efficient conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy under solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolysis cell mode. In this work, a Ruddlesden-Popper type oxide Pr1.5La0.5Ni0.8Cu0.2O4+δ (PLNC) with good mixed ionic-electronic conductivity is investigated as a dual functional air electrode for SOC. The results confirm that the peak power densities of the LSGM electrolyte supported cell with PLNC-GDC composite air electrode can reach 1.127, 0.911, 0.675 and 0.446 W cm−2 at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the cell possesses excellent durability for nearly 200 h under a constant current density of 400 mA cm−2 at 700 °C. The cell also shows superior electrolysis current density of 1.54 A cm−2 under electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V at 800 °C. The study demonstrates that PLNC is a promising dual functional …

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Path planning is crucial for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to navigate and avoid obstacles efficiently. This study evaluates and contrasts various USV path-planning algorithms, focusing on their effectiveness in dynamic obstacle avoidance, resistance to water currents, and path smoothness. Meanwhile, this research introduces a novel collective intelligence algorithm tailored for two-dimensional environments, integrating dynamic obstacle avoidance and smooth path optimization. The approach tackles the global-path-planning challenge, specifically accounting for moving obstacles and current influences. The algorithm adeptly combines strategies for dynamic obstacle circumvention with an eight-directional current resistance approach, ensuring locally optimal paths that minimize the impact of currents on navigation. Additionally, advanced artificial bee colony algorithms were used during the research process to enhance the method and improve the smoothness of the generated path. Simulation results have verified the superiority of the algorithm in improving the quality of USV path planning. Compared with traditional bee colony algorithms, the improved algorithm increased the length of the optimization path by 8%, shortened the optimization time by 50%, and achieved almost 100% avoidance of dynamic obstacles.

Electrochimica Acta

The mass and heat transfer capability of the flow field greatly impact the performance of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). In this study, rectangular and semicircular blockages are added to the flow channel to improve the heat and mass transfer process in the flow field. Additionally, the flow field synergy principle and the efficiency evaluation criterion (EEC) are used to evaluate the superiority of the flow field with additional blockages, respectively. The results show that the voltages of the flow channel with rectangular and semicircular blockages are reduced by 0.02 V and 0.015 V, respectively, at a current density of 10,000 A·m−2. Compared with semicircular blockages, the SOEC with rectangular blockages has a higher gas flow rate, lower thermal stress, and the EEC value increases by approximately 28 %. This indicates that the addition of the blockages can promotes the longitudinal gas flow for the improved …

Applied Surface Science

Substrate functionalization of diamond semiconductors rely on micro- and nano-topographical shapes and dimensions. However, an efficient and controllable fabrication is challenging due to its high hardness. In this study, a micro- to nano-scale etched topography model is proposed on the machined diamond substrate related to graphitization along crystal orientation. The objective is to explore how to control the structured dimensions based on atomic scale removal. First, the formation model of the etched structure was established in relation to thermal oxidation and graphitization, etc. Then, experiments were conducted to compare the structure size of the natural crystal surface. Finally, the etched structure dimension on the substrate was theoretically analyzed and experimentally characterized. It is shown that the dimension of etched structures depends on the rate of C atoms escaping layer by layer as CO/CO2 …

Transactions of Tianjin University

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) are ideal, high-efficiency devices that are environmentally friendly and have a modular design. This paper studies BaFe0.6Zr0.1Y0.3O3−δ (BFZY3) as a cobalt-free perovskite oxygen electrode for high-performance R-PCECs where Y ions doping can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies with a remarkable increase in catalytic performance. The cell with configuration of Ni-BZCYYb/BZCYYb/BFZY3 demonstrated promising performance in dual modes of fuel cells (FCs) and electrolysis cells (ECs) at 650 °C with low polarization resistance of 0.13 Ω cm2, peak power density of 546.59 mW/cm2 in FC mode, and current density of − 1.03 A/cm2 at 1.3 V in EC mode. The alternative operation between FC and EC modes for up to eight cycles with a total of 80 h suggests that the cell with BFZY3 is exceptionally stable and reversible over the long term …

Scientific Reports

This research presents two unique techniques for engineering system reliability analysis of multi-dimensional non-linear dynamic structures. First, the structural reliability technique works best for multi-dimensional structural responses that have been either numerically simulated or measured over a long enough length to produce an ergodic time series. Second, a novel extreme value prediction method that can be used in various engineering applications is proposed. In contrast to those currently used in engineering reliability methodologies, the novel method is easy to use, and even a limited amount of data can still be used to obtain robust system failure estimates. As demonstrated in this work, proposed methods also provide accurate confidence bands for system failure levels in the case of real-life measured structural response. Additionally, traditional reliability approaches that deal with time series do not have …

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Conversion of renewable energy sources like bioethanol to electricity using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is promising to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and to mitigate global warming. However, direct ethanol-fed SOFCs are susceptible to carbon deposition on Ni-based anode. In this study, the power generation from and degradation mechanism of large-scale flat-tube SOFCs by direct internal reforming of ethanol are investigated. The steam/carbon (S/C) ratio causes minor influence on the cell performance but considerably affects the long-term durability. Elevating temperature improves ethanol conversion rate and cell performance. Ethanol is efficiently reformed by the thick anode support and long anode channels, with low selectivity for CH4 and C2H4. Stable power generation with current density of 200 mA/cm2 is obtained over 300 h under S/C = 2 and 3 at 800 °C. Due to the high operating temperature …

Nanomaterials

It is important to understand the mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) for use not only in frictionand wear-resistant coatings, but also in vibration reduction and damping increase at the layer interfaces. However, the mechanical properties of DLC are influenced by the working temperature and its density, and the applications of DLC as coatings are limited. In this work, we systematically studied the deformation behaviors of DLC under different temperatures and densities using compression and tensile testing of DLC by molecular dynamics (MD) methods. In our simulation results, the values of tensile stress and compressive stress decreased and tensile strain and compressive strain increased as the temperature increased from 300 K to 900 K during both tensile and compressive processes, indicating that the tensile stress and tensile strain depend on the temperature. During the tensile simulation, Young’s modulus of DLC models with different densities had a different sensitivity to the increase in temperature, and the DLC model with a high density was more sensitive than that with a low density, which was not seen in the compression process. We conclude that the Csp3-Csp2 transition leads to tensile deformation, while the Csp2-Csp3 transition and relative slip dominate compressive deformation.

Journal of Power Sources

The ETL/perovskite interface is crucial for the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its key role in electrons transport and charge recombination. Herein, an ultrathin CaTiO3 layer has facilely been fabricated and incorporated between the mp-TiO2 and perovskite layers. Due to the trap passivation effect and the optimized energy level alignment induced by modification, the electron transport is facilitated while the charge recombination is suppressed effectively. Therefore, the champion device gains a maximum PCE of 19.12% with the enhanced photovoltaic performance. In addition, the stability of PSCs has also been ameliorated by modification, and about 85% of the initial efficiency can be maintained even after exposure in ambient for 1000h.

Journal of Power Sources

In this work, we propose hydroxyapatite (HA) as a hard template to unlock the porosity of Fe–N–C catalyst materials. Using HA, a naturally occurring mineral that can be removed with nitric acid, in the synthesis generates a catalyst material with a unique porous network comprising abundant pores and interparticle cavities ranging from 10 to 3000 nm. Hard templating with HA alongside ZnCl2 as a micropore former results in a Fe–N–C catalyst based on naturally abundant peat with excellent oxygen reduction activity in alkaline conditions. A half-wave potential of 0.87 V vs RHE and a peak power density of 1.06 W cm−2 were achieved in rotating ring disk electrode and anion exchange membrane fuel cell experiments, respectively, rivaling the performance of other state-of-the-art platinum-free catalysts presented in the literature. A combined approach of using renewable peat as a carbon source and HA as a hard …

Journal of Power Sources

Increasing the polarity of molecular chains is the key to achieving high energy density in polymers. However, the polarization capability of polymers is not merely an accumulation of monomer dielectric properties. A pressing need arises for a universal design concept to guide the development of all-organic dielectric films, extending from monomer molecular structure to the polymer cross-linking network. In this research, we have developed a flexible dielectric film with a high energy density. The reduction of rotational space hindrance for polar functional groups ensures the polymer's heightened polarity. Additionally, the staggered arrangement of ester groups and benzene rings, combined with cross-linking constraints, alleviates the decrease in insulation performance caused by the planar conjugation of benzene rings. Significantly, the adjustment of the cross-linking network effectively mitigates the high conduction …

Journal of Power Sources

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) hold tremendous promise as next-generation energy storage devices due to their remarkable energy densities. Nevertheless, uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites resulting from nonuniform deposition and significant volume expansion hinders the commercial application of ASSLMBs. Herein, we designed an AgPF6 modified lithium composite anode to stabilize the interface between the lithium metal anode and Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 electrolytes. The optimal AgPF6 modified lithium composite accelerates Li diffusion within bulk lithium anode and facilitates the uniform deposition for lithium metal during the electrochemical process due to the generation of LiF-interface and Li–Ag alloy, which restricts the accumulation of inactive lithium. The enhanced compatibility between Li metal and sulfide electrolyte have been confirmed in both symmetric cells and ASSLMBs. The …

Journal of Power Sources

Localized degradation and faults of lithium-ion batteries critically affect their lifespan and safety. Magnetic field distribution of batteries is effective for non-destructive detection, yet their broader application is hindered by limited data availability. In this study, A novel three-dimensional electrochemical-magnetic field model is proposed to address this critical issue through the magnetic field characteristics of batteries. The model comprehensively investigates the distinctive magnetic field distribution associated with various anomalies, including tab fractures, current collector fractures, internal short circuit (ISC), electrolyte drying-out, and electrode materials deactivation. In this way, the relative magnetic field changes and the magnetic field gradient distribution of different degradation patterns and faults can be extracted for non-destructive detection of subtle localized anomalies. The method offers solutions for classifying …

Journal of Power Sources

Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) are spotlighted as next-generation energy storage devices; however, the carbon cathodes usually dictate their performance. Herein, we aim to optimize the electrochemical performance of the carbon cathodes through particle morphology control along with porosity and surface-active site control. N-doped spherical mesocelluler carbon foam (S-MCF-N) is synthesized using a mesoporous silica template, and spherical mesocelluler carbon foam (S-MCF) and irregularly shaped mesocellular carbon foam (MSUF-C) are synthesized as control samples. Consequently, S-MCF-N shows the best ion storage capability with its large surface area, with active sites that cause redox reactions and high electrical conductivity. In particular, the spherical morphology of S-MCF-N achieves a higher tap density and can reduce the electrode thickness, which decreases the diffusion …

Journal of Power Sources

The optimal design and durable utilization of lithium-ion batteries necessitates an objective modeling approach to understand fracture and failure mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive chemo-mechanical modeling study focused on elucidating fracture-induced damage and degradation phenomena in the polycrystalline Li x Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC532) cathode. An innovative approach that utilizes image-based reconstructed 3D geometry as finite element (FE) mesh input is employed to enhance the precision in capturing the convoluted architecture and morphological features. For accurately representing the intricate crack configurations within the polycrystalline system, we adopted the cohesive phase-field fracture (CPF) model. Through the integration of advanced image-based geometry reconstruction technique and the promising CPF modeling approach, lithium (de) intercalation induced …

Journal of Power Sources

Gel electrolyte (GE) gains intensive attentions for lithium metal battery, especially those targeting to use at low temperatures. The liquid medium, as the core component, of most gel electrolytes (GEs) is organic liquid or ionic liquid, always suffering from serious safety issue and low transference number (t+). The low t + aggravates concentration polarization and thus leads to the increase of overpotential and undesirable side reactions. Herein, zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) with high stability and safety is prepared by mixing zwitterion (ZI) and lithium salt. The ZIL is then encapsulated into a SiO2 matrix to fabricate novel gel electrolyte (SiGE-ZIL). The low freezing point and strong mobility of ZIL confer SiGE-ZIL a high conductivity of 3.36 × 10−4 S cm−1 at −40 °C. Importantly, the large dipole moment of ZI effectively accelerates the dissociation of lithium salt, permitting a high t+ of 0.553 at −40 °C, which is 2.3 times of that of the …

Journal of Power Sources

With a growing interest on inorganic ceramics based solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries, there is a need to maximise their density to optimise electrochemical performance and fuel impermeability. In this paper, we demonstrate the sensitivity of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) combined with effective medium theory to quantify the porosity or density of sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON)-based solid-state electrolyte (SSEs) pellets prepared at densities in the range of 2.2–2.9 g cm−3, corresponding to 50–90 % relative densities sintered at 900–1150 °C. The results of which, have been validated against complementary Archimedes analysis and mercury porosimetry highlighting the potential of THz-TDS for rapid, contactless, non-destructive electrolyte characterisation.

Journal of Power Sources

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) are widely used energy storage devices for powering portable electronics, electric transportation, and the grid. In this work, the co-precipitation method synthesizes nickel antimony oxide (NiSb2O6; NSO), a relatively new material for LIB anode. The structure of this material is a tri-rutile phase, wherein the lithium (Li) ions are stored via a conversion-type mechanism. The nickel antimony oxide-carbon black (NSO-CB) electrodes are fabricated using electrophoretic deposition. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the structural breakdown of NSO into nickel oxide (NiO) and antimony pentaoxide (Sb2O5) after the first discharge. In the voltage range 0.01–2.5V vs. Li+/Li, a stable reversible capacity of 574 mAhg−1 is obtained at a specific current of 0.5Ag-1 after 100 cycles. At a high specific current of 5Ag-1, these electrodes deliver a specific capacity of 370 mAhg−1, equivalent to graphite's …

Journal of Power Sources

Because the mass of lithium-air battery (LAB) changes due to oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER), weighing of the battery is an indispensable method for determining its actual energy density and analyzing the battery reactions. To this end, we have newly developed a weight monitoring system which can trace the semi-permanent weight change of air-batteries (∼11 g including a holder) with a precision of 7.87 μg. The system reveals the weight decrease of LAB in each cycle before finally losing its capacity. The in-situ weighing during battery operation also provides first-hand evidence of double layer capacitance and electrolyte evaporation of LABs. Specifically, the e−/O2 ratio during discharge is determined to be 1.954 ± 0.004 based on the weight increase of an LAB cell using tetraethylene glycol-based electrolyte at a current density of 100 μA cm−2, confirming the slightly lower e−/O2 ratio than the …

Journal of Power Sources

Bi2Se3 has shown potential for implementation as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), however, the significant volume expansion and dissolution of selenium pose major challenges. In this work, Bi2Se3 nanostructures are synthesized by physical vapor deposition directly on top of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network to fabricate a binder-free Bi2Se3@SWCNT anode materials with different Bi2Se3/SWCNT ratios. Nanostructuring the Bi2Se3 directly on the top of the SWCNT network provides a large accessible contact area and improves mechanical and electrical contact. The heterostructures exhibit capacity, that is beyond the theoretical of pristine Bi2Se3, which can be attributed to the binding of the Se to C, resulting in the resilience against the dissolution of Se, while providing additional electron transport pathways and increased capacitive contribution. A Bi2Se3@SWCNT anode with a …

Journal of Power Sources

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a promising technique for the diagnostic of lithium-ion battery (LIB). However, its onboard application is still challenging considering the limitation of in-vehicle environment. Motivated by this, this paper proposes an equivalent sampling-enabled module-level battery impedance measurement method, which shows a strong fidelity for lithium plating diagnostic. A module-level perturbation topology is designed allowing for the generation of high-precision perturbation current with reasonable space occupation. A simplified equivalent sampling method is exploited for the first time with the proposed topology, enabling the EIS sampling with low hardware cost and full compatibility with the commercially-ready battery monitoring chips. With the proposed prototype, an EIS feature-based nondestructive method is further proposed for the in-situ lithium plating diagnostic of LIB …

Journal of Power Sources

Although the loss of Li inventory (LLI) is a common aging mechanism in Li-ion batteries, there are only few methods capable of comprehensive depth profiling within the bulk of the electrode to locate the residual Li. Two post-mortem analytical methods, which can be used to obtain quantified Li depth profiles to depths greater than 10 μm from the electrode surface are neutron depth profiling (NDP) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES). In this work, the validation of GD-OES using NDP by examining the Si/graphite anodes of cylindrical 21,700 cells is presented. One anode was in a pristine/fresh state, two anodes were aged to the state of health (SOH) 90% and 76% at 45 °C respectively, and suffered from heavy solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, and the fourth anode was aged to SOH 60% at 0 °C and exhibited Li plating. It is demonstrated that Li plating leads to a faster sputter rate of …

Journal of Power Sources

Developing excellent-performance cathode materials is an inevitable and challenging obstacle in the process of developing practical solid oxide fuel cells, especially in low temperature range. In this paper, we introduce barium into the premium SrCoO3-based cathodes and research its consequent effect in the oxygen reduction reaction process. It is observed that the barium dopant could expand the lattice, produce more oxygen vacancies and at some extent reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of parent perovskite, which results from the expanded free space for oxygen migration and weakened Co–O bond by Ba doping. The polarization resistances of single cells with Sr1-xBaxCo0.8Sc0.1Nb0.05Ti0.05O3-δ cathodes (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.5, defined as SCSNTi, SB0.2CSNTi and SB0.5CSNTi, correspondingly) are 0.038, 0.025 and 0.016 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, respectively, and corresponding peak power density of 0 …

Journal of Power Sources

The Internet of Things (IoT) market is a quickly growing field that has great economic potential and attracts interest from researchers. Progress in this field relies on the ability to integrate smart devices with everyday objects and instruments. Therefore, energy storage plays a critical role in powering these devices. In this context, inkjet printing of batteries can be framed as a potentially innovative fabrication technique that combines the benefits of thin-film technology for lightness, mechanical flexibility, and ease of integration. The main bottleneck to obtaining a full inkjet-printed battery is printing the current collector (CC), whose role is to electrically bridge the electrodes to an external circuit and mechanically support the electrodes. A simple ink formulation based on hydrophilic and electronically conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene has been proposed for printing current collectors in this work. We have analyzed substrate …

Journal of Power Sources

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have attract much attention from academic and industry, which can improve the catalyst activity, reduce Pt loading, enhance CO tolerance, and simplify water and heat management. High-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) is the key component for HT-PEMFCs. Here, we provide an investigation of newly developed HT-PEM to evaluate its properties and performances in fuel cells above 90 °C. The HT-PEM exhibits an excellent proton conductivity of 136.1 mS cm−1 at 90 °C and 95% RH, and remarkable power density of 0.95 Wcm−2 at 105 °C and 80% RH. The stability and durability of HT-PEM are studied with varied testing methods. After the continuous operation at open circuit voltage (OCV) for 500 h and continuous dry-wet circulation for 20000 cycles at 90 °C, negligible change of OCV and hydrogen permeation current …

Journal of Power Sources

This paper presents the results of a study of the mechanical degradation of Li-oxide garnet solid electrolyte, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. A coupled thermo-electro-chemo-mechanical model was used to analyze stress-strain distribution and cracking phenomena within the electrolyte. A combination of in-situ/ex-situ microscopic observations, strain mapping and finite element modeling were deployed to study the progressive deformation and cracking phenomena that occur as a result of electrochemical charging and discharging, thermal runaway, and joule heating phenomenon. The results show that strains induced during discharge cycles are more significant than those induced during charging phase. The accumulation of strains during charging and discharging is also shown to result ultimately in cracking that impedes Li ion transport, while accelerated electro-chemical …

Journal of Power Sources

The optimal design and durable utilization of lithium-ion batteries necessitates an objective modeling approach to understand fracture and failure mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive chemo-mechanical modeling study focused on elucidating fracture-induced damage and degradation phenomena in the polycrystalline Li x Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC532) cathode. An innovative approach that utilizes image-based reconstructed 3D geometry as finite element (FE) mesh input is employed to enhance the precision in capturing the convoluted architecture and morphological features. For accurately representing the intricate crack configurations within the polycrystalline system, we adopted the cohesive phase-field fracture (CPF) model. Through the integration of advanced image-based geometry reconstruction technique and the promising CPF modeling approach, lithium (de) intercalation induced …

Journal of Power Sources

High quality open-source battery data is in short supply and high demand. Researchers from academia and industry rely on experimental data for parameterisation and validation of battery models, but experimental data can be expensive and time consuming to acquire, and difficult to analyse without expert knowledge. Here we present a comprehensive open-source dataset for the cycle ageing of a commercially relevant lithium-ion cell (LG M50T 21700) with an NMC811 cathode and C/SiOx composite anode. 40 cells were cycled over 15 different operating conditions of temperature and state of charge, accumulating a total of around 33,000 equivalent full cycles. Analysis of the ageing behaviour includes metrics such as capacity fade, resistance increase, and degradation mode analysis. The presentation of the dataset here is complemented by a statistical analysis of the cell performance, both at beginning of life …