Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and cognitive performance in offspring: A prospective cohort study in China

JAMA neurology

ImportanceThe effect of argatroban in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and early neurological deterioration (END) is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of argatroban for END in AIS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label, blinded–end point, randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 4, 2020, through July 31, 2022. The date of final follow-up was October 31, 2022. This was a multicenter trial. Eligible patients were adults with AIS who experienced END, which was defined as an increase of 2 or more points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale within 48 hours from symptom onset. Patients who withdrew consent, experienced duplicate randomization, or were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to the argatroban group and control group within 48 hours of symptom onset. Both groups received standard therapy based …

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

BackgroundPlant-based diets have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in nonpregnant adults, but specific evidence for their effects on risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is scarce.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between adherence to plant-based diets before pregnancy and the risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We hypothesized that women with higher adherence to plant-based diets would have a lower risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Study DesignWe followed 11,459 parous women (16,780 singleton pregnancies) without chronic diseases, a history of preeclampsia, and cancers who participated in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2009), which was a prospective cohort study. Diet was assessed every 4 years using a validated food frequency questionnaire from which we calculated the plant-based diet index (higher …

Journal of Global Health

BackgroundStroke has become a significant public health issue in China. Although studies have shown that women’s age at first live birth (AFLB) might be associated with incident stroke, there is limited evidence on this relationship among Chinese parous women. Likewise, the nature of this association across urban-rural socioeconomic status (SES) has yet to be explored. In this prospective study, we sought to investigate the associations of women’s AFLB with the risk of incident stroke and its subtypes (ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage) and to explore the differences of these associations as well as the population-level impacts across SES classes.MethodsWe used data on 290 932 Chinese parous women from the China Kadoorie Biobank who were recruited in the baseline survey between 2004 and 2008 and followed up until 2015. We used latent class analysis to …

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

Aim Emerging evidence points to a two‐way relationship between periodontitis and dietary choices and, thus, nutrition. This study aimed to assess the potential cause–effect relationship between the periodontitis stage, loss of functional tooth units (FTUs), masticatory function, and intake of different food groups using path analysis. Materials and Methods A single calibrated examiner determined the periodontitis stage of a consecutive sample of 241 Chinese subjects reporting for tooth replacement. Their masticatory function was quantified by the mixing ability of a two‐colour chewing gum. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate the intake of 33 food group items by an experienced calibrated rater. After verification of assumptions, visual structural equation modeling was performed with Amos 23. The consistency of results and the potential modifying effect of age were assessed in 9043 …

Neurology

Background and ObjectivesMultiple reproductive factors are associated with stroke. Little is known about the cumulative effects of reproductive factors during a reproductive life course on stroke and its subtypes, especially among female Chinese individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure due to reproductive factors with stroke and its etiologic subtypes among postmenopausal Chinese women.MethodsPostmenopausal women without prior stroke at baseline (2004–2008) were selected from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure due to reproductive factors was assessed using 3 composite indicators: reproductive lifespan (RLS), endogenous estrogen exposure (EEE), and total estrogen exposure (TEE). Stroke and its subtypes, ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage …

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

Objectives Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Med-PaLM have excelled in various medical question-answering tasks. However, these English-centric models encounter challenges in non-English clinical settings, primarily due to limited clinical knowledge in respective languages, a consequence of imbalanced training corpora. We systematically evaluate LLMs in the Chinese medical context and develop a novel in-context learning framework to enhance their performance. Materials and Methods The latest China National Medical Licensing Examination (CNMLE-2022) served as the benchmark. We collected 53 medical books and 381 149 medical questions to construct the medical knowledge base and question bank. The proposed Knowledge and Few-shot Enhancement In-context Learning (KFE) framework leverages the in-context learning ability of …

PLOS Global Public Health

The impact of the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela on care for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes is unknown. This study aims to document health system performance for diabetes management in Venezuela during the humanitarian crisis. This longitudinal study on NCDs is nationally representative at baseline (2014–2017) and has follow-up (2018–2020) data on 35% of participants. Separate analyses of the baseline population with diabetes (n = 585) and the longitudinal population with diabetes (n = 210) were conducted. Baseline analyses constructed a weighted care continuum: all diabetes; diagnosed; treated; achieved glycaemic control; achieved blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycaemic control; and achieved aforementioned control plus non-smoking. Weighted multinomial regression models controlling for region were used to estimate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and care continuum stage. Longitudinal analyses constructed an unweighted care continuum: all diabetes; diagnosed; treated; and achieved glycaemic control. Unweighted multinomial regression models controlling for region were used to estimate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and changes in care continuum stage. Among 585 participants with diabetes at baseline, 71% were diagnosed, 51% were on treatment, and 32% had achieved glycaemic control. Among 210 participants with diabetes in the longitudinal population, 50 (24%) participants’ diabetes management worsened, while 40 (19%) participants improved. Specifically, the proportion of those treated decreased (60% in 2014–2017 to 51 …

Med

BackgroundA healthy lifestyle is associated with a lower premature mortality risk and with longer life expectancy. However, the metabolic pathways of a healthy lifestyle and how they relate to mortality and longevity are unclear. We aimed to identify and replicate a healthy lifestyle metabolomic signature and examine how it is related to total and cause-specific mortality risk and longevity.MethodsIn four large cohorts with 13,056 individuals and 28-year follow-up, we assessed five healthy lifestyle factors, used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to profile plasma metabolites, and ascertained deaths with death certificates. The unique healthy lifestyle metabolomic signature was identified using an elastic regression. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to assess associations of the signature with mortality and longevity.FindingsThe identified healthy lifestyle metabolomic signature was reflective of lipid …

General Psychiatry

BackgroundCardiovascular risk burden is associated with dementia risk and neurodegeneration-related brain structure, while the role of genetics and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.AimsTo examine the association of overall cardiovascular risk burden with the risk of major dementia subtypes and volumes of related brain regions in a large sample, and to explore the role of genetics and CVD onset.MethodsA prospective study among 354 654 participants free of CVD and dementia (2006–2010, mean age 56.4 years) was conducted within the UK Biobank, with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement available for 15 104 participants since 2014. CVD risk burden was evaluated by the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS). Dementia diagnosis was ascertained from inpatient and death register data.ResultsOver a median 12.0-year follow-up, 3998 all-cause …

SSM-Mental Health

Sexually minoritized women (SMW) may be at an increased risk of adverse perinatal mental health, though prior research is limited. We examined sexual orientation-related differences in perinatal mental health (i.e., stress and depression), and antidepressant utilization among those at different severities of clinically significant perinatal depressive symptoms.Nurses’ Health Study 3 participants with prospectively assessed pregnancies (N = 6,364) received pregnancy and postpartum questionnaires. Using weighted log-binomial generalized estimating equations, we examined differences in stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4 [PSS-4]), depression (the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EDPS] at four cut-off scores [≥7, ≥9, ≥11, ≥13]), and patterns of antidepressant utilization across five groups: completely heterosexual with no same-sex sexual partners (reference group; n = 5,178); heterosexual with same …

American Journal of Public Health

Objectives. To describe longitudinal trends in the prevalence of mental distress across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020‒April 2021) among US women at the intersection of sexual orientation and racialized group. Methods. Participants included 49 805 cisgender women and female-identified people from the COVID-19 Sub-Study, a cohort of US adults embedded within the Nurses’ Health Studies 2 and 3 and the Growing Up Today Study. We fit generalized estimating equation Poisson models to estimate trends in depressive and anxiety symptoms by sexual orientation (gay or lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual, completely heterosexual); subsequent models explored further differences by racialized group (Asian, Black, Latine, White, other or unlisted). Results. Relative to completely heterosexual peers, gay or lesbian, bisexual, and mostly heterosexual women had a higher prevalence of …

BackgroundScoliosis is a prevalent spinal condition typically detected in children, yet its prevalence in China has not been fully understood. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of scoliosis among Chinese children and explore its variations by age, sex, geographic region, and subtype.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of seven bibliographic databases to identify epidemiological studies that reported the prevalence of scoliosis among Chinese children published since 1990. Scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle equal to or greater than 10, as detected radiographically. We used a multilevel mixed-effect meta-regression to estimate the age-and sex-specific prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The overall prevalence and total cases of IS among Chinese children aged 5–18 years in 2020 were generated by applying the China census data. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to …

Journal of Youth and Adolescence: a multidisciplinary research publication

Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and bullying victimization are linked with mental health problems in adolescents. However, little is known about the overlap between the two factors and how this impacts adolescent mental health problems (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). The current study analyzed data from 8,085 participants (47.7% female; 44.1% racial/ethnic minority) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, baseline (2016-2018, ages 9-10 years) to Year 2. Regression analyses were used to estimate associations between ACEs, bullying victimization and mental health problems, respectively, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education, and study site. The findings showed that both ACEs and bullying victimization were independently associated with higher internalizing and higher externalizing problems. However, no significant interaction was found between ACEs and bullying victimization. Overall, the results align with the cumulative risk model of adversity, linking cumulative ACEs and bullying victimization to internalizing and externalizing problems in early adolescents.

Alzheimer's & Dementia

INTRODUCTION The associations of the Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with brain structural changes are unclear. METHODS Among 26,466 UK Biobank participants, a 15‐point MIND score was calculated from 24‐hour diet recalls from 2009 to 2012. We assessed its associations with 17 magnetic‐resonance‐derived brain volumetric markers and their longitudinal changes and explored whether genetic factors modify the associations. RESULTS Higher MIND adherence was associated with larger volumes of thalamus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, and accumbens (beta per 3‐unit increment ranging from 0.024 to 0.033) and lower white matter hyperintensities (P‐trends < 0.05), regardless of genetic predispositions of Alzheimer's disease. MIND score was not associated with their longitudinal changes (P > 0.05) over a median of 2.2 years among participants …

JAMA Network Open

ImportanceFertility status is a marker for future health, and infertility has been associated with risk for later cancer and diabetes, but associations with midlife cardiovascular health (CVH) in female individuals remain understudied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of infertility history with CVH at midlife (approximately age 50 years) among parous individuals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProject Viva is a prospective cohort study of pregnant participants enrolled between 1999 and 2002 who delivered a singleton live birth in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area. Infertility history was collected at a midlife visit between 2017 and 2021, approximately 18 years after enrollment. Data analysis was performed from January to June 2023.ExposuresThe primary exposure was any lifetime history of infertility identified by self-report, medical record, diagnosis, or claims for infertility treatment.Main Outcomes and …

SSM-Mental Health

Sexually minoritized women (SMW) may be at an increased risk of adverse perinatal mental health, though prior research is limited. We examined sexual orientation-related differences in perinatal mental health (i.e., stress and depression), and antidepressant utilization among those at different severities of clinically significant perinatal depressive symptoms.Nurses’ Health Study 3 participants with prospectively assessed pregnancies (N = 6,364) received pregnancy and postpartum questionnaires. Using weighted log-binomial generalized estimating equations, we examined differences in stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4 [PSS-4]), depression (the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EDPS] at four cut-off scores [≥7, ≥9, ≥11, ≥13]), and patterns of antidepressant utilization across five groups: completely heterosexual with no same-sex sexual partners (reference group; n = 5,178); heterosexual with same …

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Based on a robust and consistent literature showing that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a substantial reduction of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality, multiple organizations and health agencies encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables as core component of a healthy diet. There is also strong experimental evidence showing that exposure to several classes of pesticides results in major adverse health effects, some of which have been documented in humans in the context of occupational exposure–most notably the relations of glyphosate, malathion and diazinon with cancers of the prostate, lung and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Although only a small fraction of the general population is occupationally exposed to pesticides, more than 90% of adults in the United States have detectable levels of pesticides in their urine or blood. It is also estimated that the primary …

Chinese Medical Journal

To the Editor: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder affecting both physical and psychosocial health.[1] Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) exists for moderate-to-severe acne, due to its adverse reactions, we are still looking forward to a novel therapeutic option with fewer side effects. Recently, radiofrequency has been used to treat moderate acne.[2]In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moderate-to-severe acne treatment based on a single microneedle with radiofrequency (MRF) vs. PDT during three consecutive sessions through a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial study.

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:Hepatitis B poses a heavy burden for children in China, however, the national studies on the distributional characteristics and health care costs of children with severe hepatitis B is still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the disease characteristics, health economic effects, and medical cost for children with severe hepatitis B in China.Methods:

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a microbarrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells. Methods The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to …

Chinese Medical Journal

To the Editor: The nomenclature for steatotic liver disease has been a topic of debate since 2020. The conventional expression, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), was introduced in 1980 to describe the occurrence of steatosis in the absence of other hepatic diseases. However, in recent years, there has been a growing movement to phase out and retire this term. In 2020, Eslam et al [1] proposed a new definition—metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)—redefining the disease to include hepatic steatosis along with other factors such as diabetes, obesity, overweight, or meeting the criteria for metabolic dysfunction. The transition from NAFLD to MAFLD was deemed necessary for several reasons, including the inability of NAFLD to clearly explain the disease’s pathophysiology, the possibility of patient stigma due to the term “alcoholic,” potential miscommunication between patient and …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and integrated HIV DNA are widely used markers of HIV persistence. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard curve. Here, we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Methods The limit of detection, dynamic ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and human CD3 gene (for total HIV DNA) and ACH-2 cells (for integrated HIV DNA). Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assayed in total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) T-cell counts, CD8+ T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China. Methods We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018). Results Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonatal. Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome, who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) treatment. However, it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021, we collected the whole raw time-lapse videos at multiple focal planes from in vitro cultured embryos, the clinical information of couples, and the comprehensive chromosome screening results of those blastocysts that had received PGT treatment. Initially, we developed a novel deep learning model called the Attentive Multi-Focus …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:Prenatal and postnatal factors may have joint effects on cardiovascular health, and we aimed to assess the joint association of birth weight and ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) prospectively in adulthood with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:In the UK Biobank, 227,833 participants with data on ICVHM components and birth weight and without CVD at baseline were included. The ICVHMs included smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet information, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in men and women.Results:Over a median follow-up period of 13.0 years (2,831,236 person-years), we documented 17,477 patients with incident CVD. Compared with participants with birth weights of 2.5–4.0 kg, the HRs [95% CIs] of CVD among …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share several pathophysiologic risk factors, and the exact relationship between the two remains unclear. Our study aims to provide evidence concerning the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD risk by using data from the NHANES 2017-2018. Subsequently, a two-sample MR study was performed using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to identify the causal association between hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and NAFLD. The primary inverse variance weighted (IVW) and other …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China. Methods We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018). Results Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD. Methods We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank (N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DMadjBMI]: Ncase/Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD (Ncase/Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM (Ncase/Ncontrol …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:Prenatal and postnatal factors may have joint effects on cardiovascular health, and we aimed to assess the joint association of birth weight and ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) prospectively in adulthood with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:In the UK Biobank, 227,833 participants with data on ICVHM components and birth weight and without CVD at baseline were included. The ICVHMs included smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet information, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in men and women.Results:Over a median follow-up period of 13.0 years (2,831,236 person-years), we documented 17,477 patients with incident CVD. Compared with participants with birth weights of 2.5–4.0 kg, the HRs [95% CIs] of CVD among …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of birth defect-related mortality. However, more recent CHD mortality data for China are lacking. Additionally, limited studies have evaluated sex, rural–urban, and region-specific disparities of CHD mortality in China.Methods:We designed a population-based study using data from the Dataset of National Mortality Surveillance in China between 2008 and 2021. We calculated age-adjusted CHD mortality using the sixth census data of China in 2010 as the standard population. We assessed the temporal trends in CHD mortality by age, sex, area, and region from 2008 to 2021 using the joinpoint regression model.Results:From 2008 to 2021, 33,534 deaths were attributed to CHD. The period witnessed a two-fold decrease in the age-adjusted CHD mortality from 1.61 to 0.76 per 100,000 persons (average annual percent change [AAPC]=− 5.90%). Females …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China. Methods We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018). Results Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonatal. Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome, who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) treatment. However, it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021, we collected the whole raw time-lapse videos at multiple focal planes from in vitro cultured embryos, the clinical information of couples, and the comprehensive chromosome screening results of those blastocysts that had received PGT treatment. Initially, we developed a novel deep learning model called the Attentive Multi-Focus …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background: Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) is a major cause of mortality and top contributor to productivity loss in large emerging economies such as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). We examined the time trends of TBL mortality across the BRICS to better understand the disease burden in these countries and inform public health and healthcare resource allocation.Methods: TBL mortality-related data between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and analyzed using age–period–cohort models. Net drift (local drift) was used to describe the expected age-adjusted TBL mortality rate over time overall (each age group); the longitudinal age curve was used to reflect the age effect; the period rate ratios (RRs) were used to reflect the period effect; and the cohort RR was used to reflect the cohort effect. Results: In 2019, there were 958.3 …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD. Methods We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank (N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DMadjBMI]: Ncase/Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD (Ncase/Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM (Ncase/Ncontrol …

Chinese Medical Journal

Background:Pathological scars are a disorder that can lead to various cosmetic, psychological, and functional problems, and no effective assessment methods are currently available. Assessment and treatment of pathological scars are based on cutaneous manifestations. A two-photon microscope (TPM) with the potential for real-time non-invasive assessment may help determine the under-surface pathophysiological conditions in vivo. This study used a portable handheld TPM to image epidermal cells and dermal collagen structures in pathological scars and normal skin in vivo to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in scar patients.Methods:Fifteen patients with pathological scars and three healthy controls were recruited. Imaging was performed using a portable handheld TPM. Five indexes were extracted from two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) perspectives, including collagen depth, dermo …

Chinese Medical Journal

Inherited cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) threaten human health and pose an enormous economic burden worldwide. Genetic alteration is a major risk factor for many CVDs. These disorders are usually controlled by a pair of alleles, affecting offspring according to the Mendelian principle, regardless of isolated primary damage or secondary injury from other syndromes or deficiency. To date, there are hundreds of inherited CVDs. With advances in nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) technologies, rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of patients with inherited CVDs is clinically practical. Besides, great improvements have been made in recent years, and targeted therapy and assist devices have been used in clinical practice. Yet there is still no totally efficient strategy for dealing with inherited CVDs. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop better therapeutic strategies for treating inherited CVDs.[1]Heritable …

Chinese medical journal

Background Oral anti-coagulants (OAC) are the intervention for the prevention of stroke, which consistently improve clinical outcomes and survival among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The main purpose of this study is to identify problems in OAC utilization among hospitalized patients with AF in China. Methods Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Atrial Fibrillation (CCC-AF) registry, guideline-recommended OAC use in eligible patients was assessed. Results A total of 52,530 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled from February 2015 to December 2019, of whom 38,203 were at a high risk of stroke, 9717 were at a moderate risk, and 4610 were at a low risk. On admission, only 20.0% (6075/30,420) of patients with a diagnosed AF and a high risk of stroke were taking OAC. The use of pre-hospital OAC on admission was associated with a lower risk of new-onset …