Relationships Among Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Counterproductive Work Behavior, and Sexual Harassment Based on a Colleague’s Sex or Gender

Human Reproduction

STUDY QUESTION Which genetic factors regulate female propensity for giving birth to spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twins? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified four new loci, GNRH1, FSHR, ZFPM1, and IPO8, in addition to previously identified loci, FSHB and SMAD3. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The propensity to give birth to DZ twins runs in families. Earlier, we reported that FSHB and SMAD3 as associated with DZ twinning and female fertility measures. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of mothers of spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twins (8265 cases, 264 567 controls) and of independent DZ twin offspring (26 252 cases, 417 433 controls). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Over 700 000 mothers of DZ twins, twin individuals …

International Journal of Selection and Assessment

Conceptualizations of workplace aggression converge in treating intent to harm others as a necessary feature of aggression. However, inspection of workplace aggression scales suggests that many items do not specify intent to harm. In a series of three studies, we examined the effect of inclusion of intent to harm on workplace aggression's psychometric properties. Study 1 found that existing workplace aggression scales do not consistently specify or imply intent to harm. Study 2 found that inclusion of intent to harm has substantial implications for aggression's occurrence rate. Prior research that does not assess intent to harm overestimates the frequency of aggression. Study 3A found that workplace aggression's correlations with external variables were also overestimated when failing to include intent to harm. We found that aggression measured without specifying intent is highly correlated with counterproductive …

Sleep

Introduction Using cannabis as a sleep aid is common. However, little is known about how this practice relates to mental health and substance use. To address this, we examined associations between using cannabis as a sleep aid with mental health and substance use outcomes using a co-twin control design. Methods Participants were 3,165 adults (Mage=36.7 (SD=5.3)) from two population-based twin cohorts. Outcomes of interest included mental health constructs (e.g. depression, impulsivity), substance use measures (frequency and problems from use of specific substances), and use of other substances for sleep. First, we conducted regression models to test phenotypic associations between endorsing past month use of cannabis to aid sleep (yes/no) and the above outcomes. Next, we used multilevel models to examine whether significant phenotypic associations were …

Journal of Intelligence

While the dominant finding indicates a monotonic relationship between cognitive ability and academic performance, some researchers have suggested the existence of cognitive thresholds for challenging coursework, such that a certain level of cognitive ability is required for reaching a satisfactory level of academic achievement. Given the significance of finding a threshold for understanding the relationship between cognitive ability and academic performance, and the limited studies on the topic, it is worth further investigating the possibility of cognitive thresholds. Using a multi-institutional dataset and the necessary condition analysis (NCA), we attempted to replicate previous findings of cognitive thresholds on the major GPA of mathematics and physics-majored students, as well as the course grade of organic chemistry, to examine whether high SAT math scores constitute a necessary condition for obtaining satisfactory grades in these courses. The results from the two studies do not indicate an absolute cognitive threshold point below which students are doomed to fail regardless of the amount of effort they devote into learning. However, we did find that the chance of students with a low level of quantitative ability to succeed in highly quantitative courses is very small, which qualifies for the virtually necessary condition.

Journal of Applied Psychology

A large body of literature has studied the effect of stereotype threat and stereotype lift on cognitive test performance. Research on stereotype threat (ST) examines whether the awareness of a negative stereotype can decrease stereotyped group members’ test performance. A less commonly studied influence of stereotypes is stereotype lift (SL), defined as an increase in a group’s test performance due to not being part of a negative stereotype. For example, men might perform better on math tests if they are primed on the stereotype that men are better than women at math. Walton and Cohen (2003) previously meta-analyzed the impact of SL on cognitive tests, finding an overall d= 0.24. We report an updated meta-analysis on SL with more samples and moderator analyses. We then meta-analyzed between-group effects (majority–minority group differences both in the presence and absence of SL and ST) to compare …

Background: The WNT signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of developmental events and maintenance of homeostasis in adult tissue, including lung development and health. WNT signaling genes have also been suggested to play a role in pathogenesis of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent disease markers for COPD, asthma, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) in nine genes of the WNT signaling cascade pathway (WNT10b, WIF1, WISP1, SFRP2, SFRP5, DKK1, Axin2, TCF7L2, and FZD3) using genome-wide association data from six European cohort studies.Methods: The six European cohort studies included are: B58C (UK), ECRHS (multicentre), EGEA (France), GINI / LISA (Germany), NFBC1966 (Finland), and SAPALDIA …

Journal of Applied Psychology

Given the centrality of the job performance construct to organizational researchers, it is critical to understand the reliability of the most common way it is operationalized in the literature. To this end, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the interrater reliability of supervisory ratings of job performance (k= 132 independent samples) using a new meta-analytic procedure (ie, the Morris estimator), which includes both within-and between-study variance in the calculation of study weights. An important benefit of this approach is that it prevents large-sample studies from dominating the results. In this investigation, we also examined different factors that may affect interrater reliability, including job complexity, managerial level, rating purpose, performance measure, and rater perspective. We found a higher interrater reliability estimate (r=. 65) compared to previous meta-analyses on the topic, and our results converged …

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

Background Cannabis use is associated with outcomes like income, legal problems, and psychopathology. This finding rests largely on correlational research designs, which rely at best on statistical controls for confounding. Here, we control for unmeasured confounders using a longitudinal study of twins. Method In a sample of 4,078 American adult twins first assessed decades ago, we used cotwin control mixed effects models to evaluate the effect of lifetime average frequency of cannabis consumption measured on substance use, psychiatric, and psychosocial outcomes. Results On average, participants had a lifetime cannabis frequency of about one to two times per month, across adolescence and adulthood. As expected, in individual-level analyses, cannabis use was significantly associated with almost all outcomes in the expected directions. However, when comparing each twin to their cotwin, which …

Addiction

Aims To estimate the effect of recreational legalization on cannabis use frequency and sources of variance across legal environments. Design Longitudinal discordant twin and gene–environment interaction models in twins recruited from birth records and assessed prospectively. Setting The United States, including states with different recreational cannabis policies before and after 2014, when recreational cannabis was first legalized. Participants Two longitudinal, prospectively assessed samples of American twins aged 24–47 (n = 1425 in legal states, n = 1996 in illegal states), including 111 monozygotic pairs discordant for residence. Measurements Current cannabis use frequency (measured continuously and ordinally) was the primary outcome, and the predictor was recreational status of cannabis (legal/illegal) in the participant’s state of residence at the time of assessment. Covariates include age, sex …

Applied Measurement in Education

We examine longitudinal data from 120,384 students who took a version of the PSAT/SAT in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. We investigate score changes over time and show that socioeconomic status (SES) is related to the degree of score improvement. We note that the 9th and 10th grade PSAT are low-stakes tests, while the operational SAT is a high-stakes test. We posit that investments in coaching would be uncommon for early PSAT administrations, and would be concentrated on efforts to prepare for the operational SAT. We compare score improvements between 9th and 10th grade with improvements between 10th and 12th grade, examining results separately by level of SES. We find similar levels of score improvement in low-stakes and high-stakes settings, with 3.4% of high-SES and 1.1% of low-SES students showing larger-than-expected score improvements, which is inconsistent with claims that …

Journal of Economic Psychology

Saving disposition, the tendency to save rather than consume, has been found to be associated with economic outcomes. People lacking the disposition to save are more likely to experience financial distress. This association could be driven by other economic factors, behavioral traits, or even genetic effects. Using a sample of 3,920 American twins, we develop scales to measure saving disposition and financial distress. We find genetic influences on both traits, but also a large effect of the rearing family environment on saving disposition. We estimate that 44% of the covariance between the two traits is due to genetic effects. Saving disposition remains strongly associated with lower financial distress, even after controlling for family income, cognitive ability, and personality traits. The association persists within families and monozygotic twin pairs; the twin who saves more tends to be the twin who experiences less …

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Background: As more states pass recreational cannabis legalization (RCL), we must understand how RCL affects substance use.Objectives: The current study aims to examine the effect of RCL on lifetime and past-year use of cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, frequency of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use, co-use of cannabis with alcohol and tobacco, and consequences from cannabis and alcohol use.Methods: We used a unique, co-twin control design of twin pairs who were discordant for living in a state with RCL between 2018 and 2021. The sample consisted of 3,830 adult twins (41% male), including 232 twin pairs discordant for RCL. Problems from alcohol and cannabis use were assessed via the Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire and the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire.Results: Results indicated that the twin living in an RCL state was more likely to endorse …

Oh et al.(2023) question a number of choices made in our article (Sackett et al., 2022); here we respond. They interpret our article as recommending against correcting for range restriction in general in concurrent validation studies; yet, we emphasize that we endorse correction when one has access to the information needed to do so. Our focus was on making range restriction corrections when conducting meta-analyses, where it is common for primary studies to be silent as to the prior basis for selection of the employees later participating in the concurrent validation study. As such, the applicant pool information needed for correction is typically not available. Sackett et al.(2022) highlighted that in many situations, range restriction will be small; so, the inability to correct for it results in only a modest underestimate of validity. Oh et al. mention settings that would result in substantial range restriction; here, we present …

Journal of Applied Psychology

Currently used Pareto-optimal (PO) approaches for balancing diversity and validity goals in selection can deal only with one minority group and one criterion. These are key limitations because the workplace and society at large are getting increasingly diverse and because selection system designers often have interest in multiple criteria. Therefore, the article extends existing methods for designing PO selection systems to situations involving multiple criteria and multiple minority groups (ie, multiobjective PO selection systems). We first present a hybrid multiobjective PO approach for computing selection systems that are PO with respect to (a) a set of quality objectives (ie, criteria) and (b) a set of diversity objectives where each diversity objective relates to a different minority group. Next, we propose three two-dimensional subspace procedures that aid selection designers in choosing between the PO systems in case …

Breaking the Taboo with Young Adult Literature

For many young adults, adolescence is a time of insecurities. Teens may feel inadequate concerning how smart, athletic, attractive, or thin they are. These feelings, unfortunately, can result in affected youth drawing upon unhealthy coping mechanisms. Negative self-talk, reckless behavior, substance use/abuse, disordered eating, cutting, and/or suicide ideation—these “coping” practices are harmful. Furthermore, the stigma surrounding mental health in general and self-harm in particular only exacerbates the problem (NAMI, 2019).Many teens who struggle with mental illness have “... been blamed for their condition. They’ve been called names. Their symptoms have been referred to as ‘a phase’or something they can control ‘if they only tried.’... Worst of all, stigma prevents people from seeking the help they need”(Greenstein, 2017, para. 1–2). This is especially problematic because mental illness is very common among young adults; in fact, statistics show that “one in five children ages 13–18 has or will have a serious mental illness”(NAMI, nd, para. 3).

Frontiers in psychiatry

Introduction Parental monitoring is a key intervention target for adolescent substance use, however this practice is largely supported by causally uninformative cross-sectional or sparse-longitudinal observational research designs. Methods We therefore evaluated relationships between adolescent substance use (assessed weekly) and parental monitoring (assessed every two months) in 670 adolescent twins for two years. This allowed us to assess how individual-level parental monitoring and substance use trajectories were related and, via the twin design, to quantify genetic and environmental contributions to these relationships. Furthermore, we attempted to devise additional measures of parental monitoring by collecting quasi-continuous GPS locations and calculating a) time spent at home between midnight and 5am and b) time spent at school between 8am-3pm. Results ACE-decomposed latent growth models found alcohol and cannabis use increased with age while parental monitoring, time at home, and time at school decreased. Baseline alcohol and cannabis use were correlated (r = .65) and associated with baseline parental monitoring (r = −.24 to −.29) but not with baseline GPS measures (r = −.06 to −.16). Longitudinally, changes in substance use and parental monitoring were not significantly correlated. Geospatial measures were largely unrelated to parental monitoring, though changes in cannabis use and time at home were highly correlated (r = −.53 to −.90), with genetic correlations suggesting their relationship was substantially genetically mediated. Due to power constraints, ACE estimates and biometric correlations …

Personnel Psychology has a long tradition of publishing important research on personnel selection. In this article, we review some of the key questions and findings from studies published in the journal and in the selection literature more broadly. In doing so, we focus on the various decisions organizations face regarding selection procedure development (e.g., use multiple selection procedures, contextualize procedure content), administration (e.g., provide pre‐test explanations, reveal target knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics [KSAOs]), and scoring (e.g., weight predictors and criteria, use artificial intelligence). Further, we focus on how these decisions affect the validity of inferences drawn from the procedures, how use of the procedures may affect organizational diversity, and how applicants experience the procedures. We also consider factors such as cost and time. Based on our review, we …

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Background Psychopathology and risky behaviors increase during adolescence, and understanding which adolescents are most at risk informs prevention and intervention efforts. Pubertal timing relative to same‐sex, same‐age peers is a known correlate of adolescent outcomes among both boys and girls. However, it remains unclear whether this relation is better explained by a plausible causal process or unobserved familial liability. Methods We extended previous research by examining associations between pubertal timing in early adolescence (age 14) and outcomes in later adolescence (age 17) in a community sample of 2,510 twins (49% boys, 51% girls). Results Earlier pubertal timing was associated with more substance use, risk behavior, internalizing and externalizing problems, and peer problems in later adolescence; these effects were small, consistent with previous literature. Follow‐up co‐twin …

Human Performance

Many corporate scandals are made possible by organizational leaders asking subordinates to act in unethical ways. However, the response to unethical requests is not uniform––while some employees reluctantly comply, others blow the whistle, while others exploit the opportunity for personal gain. This study examines these responses by analyzing 110 stories of unethical directives through a qualitative inductive method. We identified nine types of requests and five reasons provided for employees’ levels of compliance. Our findings indicate that considerations of personal relationships are associated with compliance, whereas reflections on personal values are associated with defiance. This research provides a foundational framework for interpreting and guiding future inquiries into this understudied organizational issue.

Human Performance

Many corporate scandals are made possible by organizational leaders asking subordinates to act in unethical ways. However, the response to unethical requests is not uniform––while some employees reluctantly comply, others blow the whistle, while others exploit the opportunity for personal gain. This study examines these responses by analyzing 110 stories of unethical directives through a qualitative inductive method. We identified nine types of requests and five reasons provided for employees’ levels of compliance. Our findings indicate that considerations of personal relationships are associated with compliance, whereas reflections on personal values are associated with defiance. This research provides a foundational framework for interpreting and guiding future inquiries into this understudied organizational issue.

Human Performance

Many corporate scandals are made possible by organizational leaders asking subordinates to act in unethical ways. However, the response to unethical requests is not uniform––while some employees reluctantly comply, others blow the whistle, while others exploit the opportunity for personal gain. This study examines these responses by analyzing 110 stories of unethical directives through a qualitative inductive method. We identified nine types of requests and five reasons provided for employees’ levels of compliance. Our findings indicate that considerations of personal relationships are associated with compliance, whereas reflections on personal values are associated with defiance. This research provides a foundational framework for interpreting and guiding future inquiries into this understudied organizational issue.

Human Performance

The present study studied two prominent job stress models as predictors of employee vigor and employee sustainable performance. First, based on the matching principle of the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model, we predicted that job resources moderate (i.e. strengthen) the linear relation of job demands with employee vigor and sustainable performance, particularly when the type of demands corresponds well with the type of resources. Second, based on the non-linearity principle of the Vitamin Model, we predicted that non-linear (i.e. curvilinear) relations between job demands or job resources with employee vigor and sustainable performance exist, particularly when the type of demands or resources matches well with the outcome. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,175 Chinese employees working in different industries. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that (1 …

Human Performance

Many corporate scandals are made possible by organizational leaders asking subordinates to act in unethical ways. However, the response to unethical requests is not uniform––while some employees reluctantly comply, others blow the whistle, while others exploit the opportunity for personal gain. This study examines these responses by analyzing 110 stories of unethical directives through a qualitative inductive method. We identified nine types of requests and five reasons provided for employees’ levels of compliance. Our findings indicate that considerations of personal relationships are associated with compliance, whereas reflections on personal values are associated with defiance. This research provides a foundational framework for interpreting and guiding future inquiries into this understudied organizational issue.

Human Performance

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is often viewed as an unequivocal boon. However, differing motivations and external pressures can change OCB’s relationship with counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and sexual harassment. We take a novel approach to understanding the relationship between OCB, CWB and sexual harassment by exploring the role of engaging in interpersonally directed OCB and CWB because of targeted colleagues’ sex or gender. We use the terms “gendered OCB” and “gendered CWB” to refer to engaging in OCB or CWB because of the gender or sex of the target of the behavior (e.g. a colleague). We examined the relationships among OCB, CWB, and sexual harassment in a sample of 503 Prolific users (60.2% men) in the United States. Interpersonally directed OCB that was sex/gender agnostic had near-zero correlations with general CWB and sexual harassment. However …

Human Performance

The present study studied two prominent job stress models as predictors of employee vigor and employee sustainable performance. First, based on the matching principle of the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model, we predicted that job resources moderate (i.e. strengthen) the linear relation of job demands with employee vigor and sustainable performance, particularly when the type of demands corresponds well with the type of resources. Second, based on the non-linearity principle of the Vitamin Model, we predicted that non-linear (i.e. curvilinear) relations between job demands or job resources with employee vigor and sustainable performance exist, particularly when the type of demands or resources matches well with the outcome. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,175 Chinese employees working in different industries. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that (1 …

Human Performance

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is often viewed as an unequivocal boon. However, differing motivations and external pressures can change OCB’s relationship with counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and sexual harassment. We take a novel approach to understanding the relationship between OCB, CWB and sexual harassment by exploring the role of engaging in interpersonally directed OCB and CWB because of targeted colleagues’ sex or gender. We use the terms “gendered OCB” and “gendered CWB” to refer to engaging in OCB or CWB because of the gender or sex of the target of the behavior (e.g. a colleague). We examined the relationships among OCB, CWB, and sexual harassment in a sample of 503 Prolific users (60.2% men) in the United States. Interpersonally directed OCB that was sex/gender agnostic had near-zero correlations with general CWB and sexual harassment. However …

Human Performance

As traits, motives, and attitudes may partly operate outside of individuals’ awareness, implicit instruments hold great promise in organizational contexts. One understudied implicit paradigm is the partially-structured attitude measure (PSAM), which assesses individuals’ attributes through their judgments of hypothetical persons described in vignettes. Based on this paradigm, we developed the 18-item Normative Judgment Test to assess the personality trait of Honesty-Humility (the NJT-HH). In four studies, we examined the construct- and criterion-related validity of NJT-HH scores. Across studies, NJT-HH scores were positively related to Honesty-Humility, and not related to the other five HEXACO traits (apart from small exceptions). Scores on the NJT-HH were also positively related to scores on a PSAM of honesty, but not related to scores on PSAMs of dissimilar constructs (Study 2). Furthermore, scores on the NJT …

Human Performance

Lower levels of organizational justice relative to one’s peers can negatively influence an employee’s well-being, diminish work satisfaction, and increase apathy. However, not all employees that perceive lower organizational justice respond in the same way. Using affective events theory as a theoretical framework, we draw on the organizational justice, resilience, and emotions literatures to identify a critical factor that may facilitate adaptive responses to lower organizational justice and preserve employee resilience. We propose that cognitive reappraisal, an antecedent-focused emotional regulation strategy, may attenuate the negative impact of lower organizational justice on employee resilience, and ultimately, protect other critical employee outcomes (i.e employee psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and citizenship behavior). Across two large field surveys of employees, we find support for our model.

Human Performance

This study investigates how two team processes (team learning, team conflict) and two team emergent states (team trust and team psychological safety) combine to yield three team effectiveness dimensions: team performance, quality of the group experience and team viability. Eighty-two teams (353 team members and 82 team leaders) were surveyed. Using a configurational approach, different routes that lead to the same outcome were identified. Moreover, the results suggest that the conditions that lead to high levels of team effectiveness are not the mirror opposite of the conditions that lead to low levels. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of a team in its different components and reinforce the notion that cognitive trust is a core condition for team success. Additionally, it is shown that the importance of intragroup conflicts for team effectiveness is contingent on the presence of …

Human Performance

This study investigates how two team processes (team learning, team conflict) and two team emergent states (team trust and team psychological safety) combine to yield three team effectiveness dimensions: team performance, quality of the group experience and team viability. Eighty-two teams (353 team members and 82 team leaders) were surveyed. Using a configurational approach, different routes that lead to the same outcome were identified. Moreover, the results suggest that the conditions that lead to high levels of team effectiveness are not the mirror opposite of the conditions that lead to low levels. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of a team in its different components and reinforce the notion that cognitive trust is a core condition for team success. Additionally, it is shown that the importance of intragroup conflicts for team effectiveness is contingent on the presence of …

Human Performance

Extant research on abusive supervision recognizes that attributes of the supervisor, subordinate, and situation contribute to abuse. However, little research has examined the interplay of all three factors in predicting abusive supervision. Thus, we first take an actor-focused perspective and identify supervisor trait anger and moral justification as “hot” and “cold” personality traits that encompass a preparedness to aggress and serve as antecedents of subordinates’ perceptions of abusive supervision. Then, we integrate trait activation theory to examine both subordinates’ self-esteem and supervisors’ job stressors as trait-relevant moderators. We predict two-way and three-way interactions for both supervisor trait anger and moral justification. Using a multisource, field study, we found general support for the hypothesized effects. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice.

Human Performance

Although there are numerous benefits associated with organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), recent research has shown that they can have both benefits and costs for the well-being of employees engaging in these behaviors. Thus, it is crucial to understand how and why OCBs can have positive and negative impacts on well-being in order to mitigate unintended consequences associated with these otherwise positive behaviors. Drawing on social exchange and conservation of resources theories, we argue that change in OCBs that subordinates direct toward their supervisors correspond with changes in supervisor consideration and initiating structure behaviors, as rated by subordinates. In turn, subordinate perceptions of supervisor behaviors have important implications for subordinate well-being (i.e. job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion). Using a longitudinal design and a sample of …

Human Performance

Scholars have criticized positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership, as being limited to influencing follower performance through relations-oriented behaviors without necessarily providing more task-oriented direction. Applying this behavioral leadership theory dichotomy, we extend authentic leadership theory and research by proposing and testing how authentic leadership influences followers’ psychological capital (PsyCap) and subsequent performance through both relations- (organizational identification) and task-oriented (role clarity) pathways. The results of a three-wave field study, multiple experiments, and a time-lagged, multi-source field study support that authentic leadership influences follower psychological resources and performance through both organizational identification and role clarity. Moreover, our results hold when controlling for other leadership constructs (ethical and …

Human Performance

Effective management of autistic employees is a topic germane to the successful integration of individuals on the spectrum into the workplace, but is a question that management researchers are only starting to broach. Unlike past research, we examine successful management for autistic employees without applying a priori leadership constructs traditionally found in the literature. Instead, we use a grounded approach to investigate how managers can effectively structure the day-to-day interactions they have with autistic employees. In doing so, we identify a dialectic between wanting to treat all employees as equal while understanding that different employees have very different needs. Based on this dialectic, we explore managerial behaviors associated with the poles and propose four different management types that lead to different outcomes for employees and organizations. Lastly, we build on aspects of identity …

Human Performance

Despite the rise in research on leader behaviors and workplace deviance, a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude of associations between the different forms of leader behaviors and workplace deviance is lacking. Drawing on Social Learning Theory and Banks and colleagues’) framework of leader behaviors, our meta-analysis provides a rank ordering of leader behaviors (i.e., moral, inspirational, task-oriented, relational, and passive) based on their importance in predicting workplace deviance using 104 independent samples (N = 42,968). Additionally, we consolidate the literatures on perpetrated and experienced deviance to investigate the association between leader behaviors and deviance from both perspectives. We also assess three boundary conditions that could moderate the leader behavior – workplace deviance relationship. Our findings suggest that passive leader behaviors explain the …

Human Performance

Scholars have criticized positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership, as being limited to influencing follower performance through relations-oriented behaviors without necessarily providing more task-oriented direction. Applying this behavioral leadership theory dichotomy, we extend authentic leadership theory and research by proposing and testing how authentic leadership influences followers’ psychological capital (PsyCap) and subsequent performance through both relations- (organizational identification) and task-oriented (role clarity) pathways. The results of a three-wave field study, multiple experiments, and a time-lagged, multi-source field study support that authentic leadership influences follower psychological resources and performance through both organizational identification and role clarity. Moreover, our results hold when controlling for other leadership constructs (ethical and …

Human Performance

Scholars have criticized positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership, as being limited to influencing follower performance through relations-oriented behaviors without necessarily providing more task-oriented direction. Applying this behavioral leadership theory dichotomy, we extend authentic leadership theory and research by proposing and testing how authentic leadership influences followers’ psychological capital (PsyCap) and subsequent performance through both relations- (organizational identification) and task-oriented (role clarity) pathways. The results of a three-wave field study, multiple experiments, and a time-lagged, multi-source field study support that authentic leadership influences follower psychological resources and performance through both organizational identification and role clarity. Moreover, our results hold when controlling for other leadership constructs (ethical and …

Human Performance

Despite the rise in research on leader behaviors and workplace deviance, a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude of associations between the different forms of leader behaviors and workplace deviance is lacking. Drawing on Social Learning Theory and Banks and colleagues’) framework of leader behaviors, our meta-analysis provides a rank ordering of leader behaviors (i.e., moral, inspirational, task-oriented, relational, and passive) based on their importance in predicting workplace deviance using 104 independent samples (N = 42,968). Additionally, we consolidate the literatures on perpetrated and experienced deviance to investigate the association between leader behaviors and deviance from both perspectives. We also assess three boundary conditions that could moderate the leader behavior – workplace deviance relationship. Our findings suggest that passive leader behaviors explain the …